{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997884994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","title":"3.5mW W-Band Frequency Divider with Wide Locking Range in 90nm CMOS Technology","display_name":"3.5mW W-Band Frequency Divider with Wide Locking Range in 90nm CMOS Technology","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997884994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","mag":"1997884994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113789543","display_name":"Kun-Hung Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun-Hung Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047201079","display_name":"Lan-Chou Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan-Chou Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740301","display_name":"Jiahao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0155-1133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108413535","display_name":"Shen-Iuan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen-Iuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","National Taiwan University, Taipei,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University, Taipei,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113789543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98093448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"466","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.9239441156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.6895261406898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.5486429929733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5374299883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.517055094242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.509619951248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.49204155802726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.45627421140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.44925814867019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.4441896677017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4352068305015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4216890335083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3239264488220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24937334656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.17769333720207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1473982036113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11999669671058655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.9239441156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.6895261406898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.5486429929733276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5374299883842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.517055094242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.509619951248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.49204155802726746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.45627421140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.44925814867019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.4441896677017212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4352068305015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4216890335083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3239264488220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24937334656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.17769333720207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1473982036113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11999669671058655}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523259","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968416054","https://openalex.org/W1998139382","https://openalex.org/W2010817526","https://openalex.org/W2020870047","https://openalex.org/W2105317509","https://openalex.org/W2112909815","https://openalex.org/W2116417852","https://openalex.org/W2154282288","https://openalex.org/W2169092810","https://openalex.org/W6676661219"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095898867","https://openalex.org/W1975478216","https://openalex.org/W2099990255","https://openalex.org/W3207257560","https://openalex.org/W2167684701","https://openalex.org/W2185082472","https://openalex.org/W1915959989","https://openalex.org/W2358217230","https://openalex.org/W2513253674","https://openalex.org/W2088659966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"frequency":[1,16,21,64,150],"divider":[2,17,26],"(FD)":[3],"is":[4,47,65,71,131,158,171],"one":[5],"of":[6,93,114,126,165,183],"the":[7,36,39,44,50,53,68,83,86,90,106,111,115,123,127,142,154,162,168],"key":[8],"components":[9],"in":[10,30,141],"very-high-frequency":[11],"(VHF)":[12],"PLLs.":[13],"Conventionally,":[14],"injection-locked":[15],"(ILFD)":[18],",":[19],"Miller":[20],"divider,":[22],"and":[23,67,89,108,138,188],"CML":[24],"static":[25,54],"are":[27],"widely":[28],"used":[29],"various":[31],"applications.":[32,144],"Among":[33],"these":[34],"dividers,":[35],"ILFD":[37,116,140],"has":[38],"highest":[40,84],"operation":[41,63],"frequency,":[42,85],"but":[43,61],"locking":[45,59,91,112,163,181],"range":[46,92,113,125,164,182],"limited.":[48],"On":[49],"other":[51],"hand,":[52],"FD":[55,76,96],"covers":[56],"a":[57,75,79,94,102,135,147,180],"wide":[58,136],"range,":[60],"its":[62],"low":[66],"power":[69,87],"consumption":[70],"usually":[72],"high.":[73],"Since":[74],"connected":[77],"to":[78,105,133,185,190],"VCO":[80],"operates":[81],"at":[82],"dissipation":[88],"VHF":[95],"should":[97],"be":[98,118],"carefully":[99],"considered.":[100],"In":[101,173],"PLL,":[103],"due":[104],"process":[107],"temperature":[109],"variations,":[110],"must":[117],"several":[119],"times":[120],"larger":[121],"than":[122],"tuning":[124],"VCO.":[128],"Thus,":[129],"it":[130],"challenging":[132],"design":[134],"locking-range":[137],"low-power":[139,177],"millimeter-wave":[143],"To":[145,160],"achieve":[146],"higher":[148],"operational":[149],"for":[151],"an":[152,166],"ILFD,":[153,167],"distributed":[155],"LC":[156],"oscillator":[157],"adopted.":[159],"widen":[161],"transconductance-enhancement":[169],"technique":[170],"presented.":[172],"this":[174],"paper,":[175],"two":[176],"ILFDs":[178],"have":[179],"85.1":[184],"96.3":[186],"GHz":[187],"98.9":[189],"105.2":[191],"GHz,":[192],"respectively.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}