{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986497707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","title":"A Microsystem for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Analysis using CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes and Micro-LEDs","display_name":"A Microsystem for Time-Resolved Fluorescence Analysis using CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes and Micro-LEDs","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986497707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","mag":"1986497707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/125270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111944220","display_name":"Bruce R. Rae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Rae","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","[Edinburgh Univ., Edinburgh]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Edinburgh Univ., Edinburgh]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113444475","display_name":"C. Griffin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Griffin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051982635","display_name":"Keith R. Muir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith R. Muir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040309588","display_name":"John M. Girkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-3576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Girkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070128709","display_name":"Erdan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdan Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108355408","display_name":"David R. Renshaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Renshaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026782847","display_name":"Edoardo Charbon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0620-3365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Charbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique Federale, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193119","display_name":"Martin D. Dawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-2989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","display_name":"University of Strathclyde","ror":"https://ror.org/00n3w3b69","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin D. Dawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Strathclyde, Glasgow United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103198569","display_name":"Robert Henderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0398-7520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert K. Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh, edinburgh, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.5708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99176241,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"206","issue":null,"first_page":"166","last_page":"603"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence","display_name":"Fluorescence","score":0.7103783488273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsystem","display_name":"Microsystem","score":0.7086185812950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.691811203956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.6664000749588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorophore","display_name":"Fluorophore","score":0.6354515552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-photon-avalanche-diode","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","score":0.6142613887786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5966475009918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-diode","display_name":"Avalanche diode","score":0.4936588704586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4903857707977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avalanche-photodiode","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","score":0.4755634665489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.4491368532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.43994051218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-spectroscopy","display_name":"Fluorescence spectroscopy","score":0.43436241149902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.41722071170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.2662346363067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.26025503873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.20801138877868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1422664225101471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.14109259843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11531186103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08960580825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.057281047105789185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91881484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807","display_name":"Fluorescence","level":2,"score":0.7103783488273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151054161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379385","display_name":"Microsystem","level":2,"score":0.7086185812950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.691811203956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.6664000749588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778617687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448456","display_name":"Fluorophore","level":3,"score":0.6354515552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193361668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523761","display_name":"Single-photon avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.6142613887786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5966475009918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95341827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175898","display_name":"Avalanche diode","level":4,"score":0.4936588704586029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4903857707977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109679912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175932","display_name":"Avalanche photodiode","level":3,"score":0.4755634665489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.4491368532180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.43994051218032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158711907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1768467","display_name":"Fluorescence spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.43436241149902344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.41722071170806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.2662346363067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.26025503873825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.20801138877868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1422664225101471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.14109259843826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11531186103820801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08960580825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.057281047105789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119321828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267190","display_name":"Breakdown voltage","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.561.8370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.561.8370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/125270/files/isscc08_rh_pub.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:125270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/125270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:125270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/125270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548141905","https://openalex.org/W2046647326","https://openalex.org/W2105971789","https://openalex.org/W2118158057","https://openalex.org/W2145125451","https://openalex.org/W6675859329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041021839","https://openalex.org/W2189181247","https://openalex.org/W3156845399","https://openalex.org/W2089087979","https://openalex.org/W1975934348","https://openalex.org/W3175785822","https://openalex.org/W4229921238","https://openalex.org/W2052516495","https://openalex.org/W2063064243","https://openalex.org/W2029938807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"microfluidics":[1],"and":[2,10,23,39],"microarray":[3],"technologies":[4],"are":[5,18,32],"revolutionizing":[6],"the":[7,54],"throughput,":[8],"sensitivity":[9],"cost":[11],"in":[12,49,61],"many":[13],"areas":[14],"of":[15],"biodiagnostics,":[16],"they":[17],"still":[19],"reliant":[20],"on":[21],"bulky":[22],"expensive":[24],"fluorescence":[25,29,51,56],"analysis":[26],"instrumentation.":[27],"Conventional":[28],"intensity":[30],"measurements":[31],"prone":[33],"to":[34,37,63],"misinterpretation":[35],"due":[36],"illumination":[38],"fluorophore":[40],"concentration":[41],"non-uniformities.":[42],"Thus,":[43],"there":[44],"is":[45,68],"a":[46],"growing":[47],"interest":[48],"time-resolved":[50],"detection,":[52],"whereby":[53],"characteristic":[55],"decay":[57],"time-constant":[58],"(or":[59],"lifetime)":[60],"response":[62],"an":[64],"impulse":[65],"excitation":[66],"source":[67],"measured.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}