{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043780428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","title":"CMOS Imager Technologies for Biomedical Applications","display_name":"CMOS Imager Technologies for Biomedical Applications","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043780428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","mag":"2043780428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074267030","display_name":"Joachim N. Burghartz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6013-6677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joachim N. Burghartz","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039706341","display_name":"Thorsten Engelhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Engelhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040007291","display_name":"Heinz\u2010Gerd Graf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heinz-Gerd Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020772385","display_name":"Christine Harendt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Harendt","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014530657","display_name":"H. Richter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0205-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harald Richter","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041504267","display_name":"Cor Scherjon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cor Scherjon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084625127","display_name":"Karsten Warkentin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164948","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Mikroelektronik Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/05kw00716","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karsten Warkentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMS CHIPS, Stuttgart","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074267030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.99645015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88072806,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"142","last_page":"602"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.8557993769645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.802506685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6049572229385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.590701699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5168079137802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5123666524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-sensor","display_name":"CMOS sensor","score":0.4923750162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4813157320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.4461895227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38675782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.328505277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32071036100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26742875576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.26642662286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.25493985414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1667538285255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1320670247077942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.8557993769645691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.802506685256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6049572229385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.590701699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5168079137802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5123666524887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210745","display_name":"CMOS sensor","level":3,"score":0.4923750162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4813157320022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.4461895227432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38675782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.328505277633667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32071036100387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26742875576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26642662286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25493985414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1667538285255432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1320670247077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2008.4523097","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774101251","https://openalex.org/W2030322140","https://openalex.org/W6638048849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983441360","https://openalex.org/W2065223761","https://openalex.org/W1979129154","https://openalex.org/W2053377655","https://openalex.org/W2106574814","https://openalex.org/W2158002277","https://openalex.org/W2025249826","https://openalex.org/W7077903","https://openalex.org/W2125775971","https://openalex.org/W1966415111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Presented":[0],"is":[1],"the":[2,7,30,35,58,71,92],"design":[3,31],"and":[4,27,32,50,95],"characteristics":[5,33,87],"of":[6,22,34,70,91],"first":[8,36],"CMOS":[9,61],"imager":[10,39,101],"chip":[11,40],"that":[12,90],"has":[13],"been":[14],"implanted":[15],"into":[16,74],"a":[17,66,75,83,98],"patient's":[18],"eye":[19,94],"with":[20,86],"demonstration":[21],"partially-restored":[23],"vision.":[24],"Also":[25],"presented":[26],"discussed":[28],"are":[29],"miniature":[37,99],"APS":[38],"based":[41],"on":[42],"thin-film-on-CMOS":[43],"(TFC)":[44],"photodiode":[45],"technology":[46],"targeted":[47],"at":[48],"low-cost":[49],"disposable":[51],"diagnostic":[52],"products.":[53],"Both":[54],"sensor":[55],"designs":[56],"exploit":[57],"high-dynamic":[59],"range":[60],"(HDRC*)":[62],"pixel":[63],"circuit":[64],"providing":[65],"continuous":[67],"lin-to-log":[68],"transformation":[69],"photo":[72],"current":[73],"voltage":[76],"sense":[77],"signal.":[78],"This":[79],"allows":[80],"for":[81,102],"implementing":[82],"retinal":[84],"implant":[85],"similar":[88],"to":[89,96],"human":[93],"operate":[97],"TFC":[100],"video":[103],"inspection":[104],"under":[105],"strongly":[106],"varying":[107],"light":[108],"conditions.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}