{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563493220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","title":"The pattern-richness of Graphical passwords","display_name":"The pattern-richness of Graphical passwords","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563493220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","mag":"2563493220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027386572","display_name":"Johannes Vorster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6452-4186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203238179","display_name":"Rhodes University","ror":"https://ror.org/016sewp10","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Johannes S. Vorster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhodes University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhodes University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039142144","display_name":"Renier P Van Heerden","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99712911","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University","ror":"https://ror.org/03r1jm528","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99712911"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renier P. van Heerden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99712911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054384302","display_name":"Barry Irwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2727-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203238179","display_name":"Rhodes University","ror":"https://ror.org/016sewp10","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry Irwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rhodes University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rhodes University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027386572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6901,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81653148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9606999754905701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6805287003517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6777554750442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-richness","display_name":"Species richness","score":0.5178521275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.20846295356750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.05881008505821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.05064263939857483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6805287003517151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6777554750442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.5178521275520325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.20846295356750488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.05881008505821228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.05064263939857483}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2016.7802931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97603265","https://openalex.org/W128619364","https://openalex.org/W183950438","https://openalex.org/W1485033854","https://openalex.org/W1503108337","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W1627695629","https://openalex.org/W1921097329","https://openalex.org/W2014338202","https://openalex.org/W2038022810","https://openalex.org/W2044798763","https://openalex.org/W2053806279","https://openalex.org/W2079745068","https://openalex.org/W2085223210","https://openalex.org/W2089282275","https://openalex.org/W2092900838","https://openalex.org/W2093397575","https://openalex.org/W2097267243","https://openalex.org/W2098112891","https://openalex.org/W2115218409","https://openalex.org/W2116264134","https://openalex.org/W2117436924","https://openalex.org/W2124945516","https://openalex.org/W2126453598","https://openalex.org/W2140129380","https://openalex.org/W2157007820","https://openalex.org/W2159335031","https://openalex.org/W2161032904","https://openalex.org/W2168969969","https://openalex.org/W2171920515","https://openalex.org/W2197581304","https://openalex.org/W2277182492","https://openalex.org/W2331744738","https://openalex.org/W2751317081","https://openalex.org/W6607529514","https://openalex.org/W6628932435","https://openalex.org/W6630133823","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6640284056","https://openalex.org/W6664181420","https://openalex.org/W6683498256","https://openalex.org/W6695010724","https://openalex.org/W6743675266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2022250864","https://openalex.org/W4385061579","https://openalex.org/W1855418621","https://openalex.org/W1968126718","https://openalex.org/W195123958","https://openalex.org/W2055126334","https://openalex.org/W2149519193","https://openalex.org/W2159663706","https://openalex.org/W2011403257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conventional":[0],"(text-based)":[1],"passwords":[2,14,31,55,73],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"patterns":[5,57,81,96],"such":[6,15,36],"as":[7,16],"variations":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,27,60,114,117],"username,":[11],"or":[12,19],"known":[13],"\u201cpassword\u201d,":[17],"\u201cadmin\u201d":[18],"\u201c12345\u201d.":[20],"Patterns":[21],"may":[22],"similarly":[23],"be":[24,84,99],"detected":[25],"in":[26,130],"use":[28],"of":[29,72,79],"Graphical":[30],"(GPs).":[32],"The":[33,64],"most":[34],"significant":[35,70],"pattern":[37],"-":[38,43],"reported":[39,62],"by":[40],"many":[41],"researchers":[42],"is":[44,109,113],"hotspot":[45],"clustering.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"qualitatively":[49],"analyses":[50],"more":[51,110],"than":[52,59],"200":[53],"graphical":[54,131],"for":[56],"other":[58],"classically":[61],"hotspots.":[63],"qualitative":[65],"analysis":[66],"finds":[67],"that":[68,82,105,116],"a":[69,76],"percentage":[71],"fall":[74],"into":[75],"small":[77],"set":[78],"patterns;":[80],"can":[83,97],"used":[85,100],"to":[86,101,124],"form":[87],"attack":[88],"models":[89],"against":[90],"GPs.":[91],"In":[92],"counter":[93],"action,":[94],"these":[95],"also":[98],"educate":[102],"users":[103],"so":[104],"future":[106],"password":[107,132],"selection":[108],"secure.":[111],"It":[112],"hope":[115],"outcome":[118],"from":[119],"this":[120],"research":[121],"will":[122],"lead":[123],"improved":[125],"behaviour":[126],"and":[127],"an":[128],"enhancement":[129],"security.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}