{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169508136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","title":"Beacons and their uses for digital forensics purposes","display_name":"Beacons and their uses for digital forensics purposes","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169508136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","mag":"2169508136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014886249","display_name":"Luke Lubbe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luke Lubbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072206499","display_name":"Martin Oliver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1836-6257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Oliver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Pretoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014886249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10789058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.9336792230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7726193070411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.6321557760238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5763834118843079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.5478581190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4988594055175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/table","display_name":"Table (database)","score":0.4915073812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4912096858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-navigation","display_name":"Web navigation","score":0.4643474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4565465450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2548922300338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24330130219459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09940451383590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06903189420700073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.9336792230606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7726193070411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.6321557760238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5763834118843079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.5478581190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4988594055175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4915073812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4912096858024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61096286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978592","display_name":"Web navigation","level":3,"score":0.4643474221229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4565465450286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2548922300338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24330130219459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09940451383590698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06903189420700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/issa.2015.7335074","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 Information Security for South Africa (ISSA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140132876","https://openalex.org/W1795970939","https://openalex.org/W2007914597","https://openalex.org/W2011941381","https://openalex.org/W2056682017","https://openalex.org/W2155942957","https://openalex.org/W2167804650","https://openalex.org/W2327362107","https://openalex.org/W3123847571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541158057","https://openalex.org/W2017818230","https://openalex.org/W2268257560","https://openalex.org/W2626548695","https://openalex.org/W1519586109","https://openalex.org/W2030268420","https://openalex.org/W2548348270","https://openalex.org/W2885559332","https://openalex.org/W2155924377","https://openalex.org/W2055154498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,78],"article":[1],"relates":[2],"to":[3,68,91,99],"the":[4,50,70,86,137,142,160,177],"field":[5],"of":[6,40,63,73,88,114,120,139,144,159],"digital":[7,26],"forensics":[8],"with":[9],"a":[10,41,46,57,64,74,81,93,97,102,118,132,152],"particular":[11,75],"focus":[12],"on":[13,117,131,176],"web":[14,30,65,89,115,133],"(World":[15],"Wide":[16],"Web)":[17],"beacons":[18,90,116,128],"and":[19,135,164,173],"how":[20],"they":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"utilized":[24],"for":[25,96,154],"forensic":[27],"purposes.":[28],"A":[29],"beacon":[31,66],"or":[32],"more":[33],"commonly":[34],"\u201cweb":[35],"bug\u201d":[36],"is":[37,52,54,67,105,148],"an":[38,111],"example":[39],"hidden":[42],"resource":[43],"reference":[44],"in":[45,182],"webpage,":[47],"which":[48,127,179],"when":[49],"webpage":[51],"loaded,":[53],"requested":[55],"from":[56],"third":[58],"party":[59],"source.":[60],"The":[61,107,157],"purpose":[62],"track":[69],"browsing":[71],"habits":[72],"IP":[76],"address.":[77],"paper":[79],"proposes":[80],"novel":[82],"technique":[83],"that":[84],"utilizes":[85],"presence":[87,138],"create":[92],"unique":[94],"ID":[95],"website,":[98],"test":[100],"this":[101,122,145,183],"practical":[103,108],"investigation":[104,109,161],"performed.":[106],"involves":[110,125],"automated":[112],"scanning":[113,123,146],"number":[119],"websites,":[121],"process":[124,147],"identifying":[126],"are":[129,185],"present":[130],"page":[134],"recording":[136],"those":[140],"beacons,":[141],"results":[143],"then":[149],"encoded":[150],"into":[151],"table":[153],"human":[155],"analyses.":[156],"result":[158],"show":[162],"promise":[163],"incentivizes":[165],"further":[166],"research.":[167],"Real":[168],"world":[169],"implications,":[170],"future":[171],"work":[172],"possible":[174],"Improvements":[175],"methods":[178],"were":[180],"used":[181],"study":[184],"finally":[186],"discussed.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}