{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162693758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657","title":"Multi-Level Cell Memory Driven Efficient Cache Organization","display_name":"Multi-Level Cell Memory Driven Efficient Cache Organization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162693758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 27th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137291293","display_name":"Binu Christopher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binu Christopher","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137232818","display_name":"Rwicheek Sarker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rwicheek Sarker","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074498357","display_name":"Vivek M. Bhasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-0665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek M. Bhasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021884109","display_name":"Sumitha George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-8807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumitha George","raw_affiliation_strings":["North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"North Dakota State University,Fargo,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86585972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.28189998865127563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.28189998865127563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.14810000360012054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.053700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-only-memory-architecture","display_name":"Cache-only memory architecture","score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.26579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6920999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3720319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015937","display_name":"Cache-only memory architecture","level":5,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.24130000174045563}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed69900.2026.11534657","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 27th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6307543516159058}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981943579","https://openalex.org/W2015426867","https://openalex.org/W2023294760","https://openalex.org/W2027435840","https://openalex.org/W2043465878","https://openalex.org/W2047427636","https://openalex.org/W2076369231","https://openalex.org/W2084007230","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2155477811","https://openalex.org/W2157587823","https://openalex.org/W2433248078","https://openalex.org/W2582066926","https://openalex.org/W2589045188","https://openalex.org/W2591238502","https://openalex.org/W2615669501","https://openalex.org/W2787453651","https://openalex.org/W2793767356","https://openalex.org/W2794941775","https://openalex.org/W2796645376","https://openalex.org/W2884574523","https://openalex.org/W2899776440","https://openalex.org/W2902880618","https://openalex.org/W3012219827","https://openalex.org/W3047782034","https://openalex.org/W3164004073","https://openalex.org/W4226477544","https://openalex.org/W4238440425","https://openalex.org/W4389166697"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"non-volatile":[1],"multilevel":[2],"cell":[3,40],"(MLC)":[4],"memories":[5],"offer":[6],"high":[7],"density":[8],"and":[9,20,64,91,109,126],"exhibit":[10],"ultra-low":[11],"leakage":[12],"power,":[13],"making":[14],"them":[15],"ideal":[16],"candidates":[17],"over":[18,186,215],"SRAM":[19],"eDRAM":[21],"for":[22,43],"larger":[23],"caches":[24],"in":[25,36,82,135,152,211,224],"modern":[26],"processors.":[27],"However,":[28],"the":[29,34,60,75,79,116,128,136,153,166,187,205,212,216,231],"asymmetric":[30],"access":[31,62],"latency/energy":[32],"among":[33],"states":[35],"an":[37,158,170],"MLC":[38,51],"memory":[39,44],"presents":[41],"opportunities":[42],"design":[45,233],"optimisations.":[46],"This":[47],"paper":[48],"leverages":[49],"this":[50],"state":[52],"asymmetry":[53],"to":[54,69,74,77,114,156,204,230],"propose":[55,68,113],"cache":[56,145],"schemes":[57],"that":[58,165],"optimize":[59],"tag/data":[61],"latency":[63,90,108,118],"energy":[65,110,226],"efficiency.":[66],"We":[67],"map":[70],"all":[71,132],"tag":[72,96,133,154],"bits":[73,134,151],"MSB":[76,102],"enable":[78],"All":[80],"Tag":[81],"One":[83],"Read":[84],"(ATOR)":[85],"scheme,":[86],"which":[87],"reduces":[88],"hit":[89,107],"miss":[92],"penalty":[93],"by":[94,119,147],"consolidating":[95],"lookup":[97],"into":[98],"a":[99,121],"single":[100],"step":[101],"read.":[103],"To":[104],"further":[105,195],"improve":[106],"efficiency,":[111],"we":[112,143],"eliminate":[115],"data":[117,124,129,160],"having":[120],"priority":[122,213],"way":[123,214],"block":[125],"reading":[127],"along":[130],"with":[131],"ATOR":[137],"scheme.":[138],"On":[139],"top":[140],"of":[141,200],"that,":[142],"enhance":[144],"capacity":[146],"utilising":[148],"unused":[149],"LSB":[150],"array":[155],"store":[157],"extra":[159],"block.":[161],"Our":[162,191],"evaluation":[163],"shows":[164],"proposed":[167],"ATOR-S/ATOR-P/ATOR-P-E":[168],"achieves":[169,220],"average":[171,196,225],"${5.":[172],"9":[173],"\\%}":[174,178],"{/}":[175,179],"{9.":[176,180],"2":[177],"4":[181],"\\%}$":[182],"performance":[183,197],"improvement":[184,199],"(IPC)":[185,198],"baseline":[188,217,232],"design,":[189],"respectively.":[190],"evaluations":[192],"also":[193],"showcase":[194],"$12.7":[201],"\\%$":[202,222],"due":[203],"most":[206],"recently":[207],"used":[208],"data\u2019s":[209],"placement":[210],"design.":[218],"ATORS":[219],"$11.7":[221],"reduction":[223],"delay":[227],"product":[228],"compared":[229],"on":[234],"SPEC":[235],"2017":[236],"benchmarks.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-05-29T00:00:00"}
