{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410887371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361","title":"Ternary-Valued Associative Processor Design","display_name":"Ternary-Valued Associative Processor Design","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410887371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 26th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045553967","display_name":"Mira Hout","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mira Hout","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,ECE Dept.,Lebanon,1107 202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,ECE Dept.,Lebanon,1107 202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071376756","display_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3519-2917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rouwaida Kanj","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut,ECE Dept.,Lebanon,1107 202"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut,ECE Dept.,Lebanon,1107 202","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013660772","display_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Eltawil","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Thuwal,Saudi Arabia,23955"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Thuwal,Saudi Arabia,23955","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084829415","display_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-3428"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed E. Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rain Neuromorphics, Inc.,San Francisco,CA,USA,94110"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rain Neuromorphics, Inc.,San Francisco,CA,USA,94110","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.8952999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.830299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-property","display_name":"Associative property","score":0.8481038212776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.7481153011322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6324889659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5465084314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.478390097618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38266804814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27932292222976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2054862380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.06808269023895264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.8481038212776184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.7481153011322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6324889659881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5465084314346313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.478390097618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38266804814338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27932292222976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2054862380027771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.06808269023895264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed65160.2025.11014361","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 26th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3784822099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"URF/1/4704-01-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536792390","https://openalex.org/W2013406643","https://openalex.org/W2020704360","https://openalex.org/W2036642572","https://openalex.org/W2069345435","https://openalex.org/W2149055332","https://openalex.org/W2169245181","https://openalex.org/W2339074292","https://openalex.org/W2493028547","https://openalex.org/W2582936278","https://openalex.org/W2760230810","https://openalex.org/W2803022042","https://openalex.org/W2937382037","https://openalex.org/W3000505821","https://openalex.org/W3013609802","https://openalex.org/W3052947204","https://openalex.org/W3083137413","https://openalex.org/W3152836390","https://openalex.org/W3157815942","https://openalex.org/W3197197128","https://openalex.org/W3204998121","https://openalex.org/W4214771512","https://openalex.org/W4226117853","https://openalex.org/W4253845620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2928193004","https://openalex.org/W2070443794","https://openalex.org/W1492794944","https://openalex.org/W2914488349","https://openalex.org/W1994030850","https://openalex.org/W260863705","https://openalex.org/W3181709876","https://openalex.org/W921290243","https://openalex.org/W2786864140","https://openalex.org/W2970504043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In-memory":[0],"computing":[1,149],"architectures":[2],"have":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,25,37],"promising":[7],"solution":[8,128],"to":[9,75,115,121,151],"address":[10],"the":[11,47,62,77,80,100,126,143],"memory-wall":[12],"bottleneck":[13],"and":[14,18,28,53,93,106,111,132,137,147,157],"enable":[15],"efficient":[16,59],"vectorized":[17],"parallel":[19,148],"arithmetic":[20,52,153],"operations.":[21],"This":[22,140],"paper":[23],"proposes":[24],"hardware":[26],"architecture":[27],"algorithms":[29],"for":[30,61,160],"ternary-valued":[31],"associative":[32],"processors":[33,150],"(TAP)":[34],"which":[35],"is":[36,73],"critical":[38],"step":[39],"toward":[40],"broadening":[41],"their":[42],"computational":[43,91,162],"versatility.":[44],"To":[45],"facilitate":[46],"in-memory":[48,83,146],"implementation":[49],"of":[50,65,79,88,109,145],"complex":[51],"logic":[54],"functions,":[55],"we":[56],"introduce":[57],"an":[58],"methodology":[60],"automatic":[63],"generation":[64],"corresponding":[66],"look-up":[67],"tables":[68],"(LUTs).":[69],"A":[70],"SPICE-MATLAB":[71],"co-simulator":[72],"developed":[74],"evaluate":[76],"performance":[78],"proposed":[81,127],"TAP-based":[82],"ternary":[84,101,123],"adder":[85,103],"in":[86,135],"terms":[87],"energy":[89,105,136],"consumption,":[90],"delay,":[92,138],"area":[94,107],"overhead.":[95],"Comparative":[96],"analysis":[97],"demonstrates":[98],"that":[99],"AP":[102],"achieves":[104],"reductions":[108],"11%":[110],"6.2%,":[112],"respectively,":[113],"compared":[114,120],"its":[116],"binary":[117],"counterpart.":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"state-of-the-art":[122],"carry-lookahead":[124],"adder,":[125],"exhibits":[129],"around":[130],"100x":[131],"9.5x":[133],"reduction":[134],"respectively.":[139],"work":[141],"highlights":[142],"potential":[144],"high-efficiency":[152],"operations,":[154],"offering":[155],"scalable":[156],"energy-efficient":[158],"solutions":[159],"emerging":[161],"workloads.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}