{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396949241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729","title":"An Energy-Efficient Time Domain Based Compute In-Memory Architecture for Binary Neural Network","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient Time Domain Based Compute In-Memory Architecture for Binary Neural Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396949241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 25th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007747440","display_name":"Subhradip Chakraborty","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98210582","display_name":"Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00n7swc17","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98210582"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhradip Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["RGIPT Uttar Pradesh,EE Engineering Department,Jais,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RGIPT Uttar Pradesh,EE Engineering Department,Jais,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98210582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081698284","display_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102022884","display_name":"Abhishek Goel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-9259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Goel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111197293","display_name":"Anmol Singla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8778637","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Srinagar","ror":"https://ror.org/03sfwvw54","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152752","https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anmol Singla","raw_affiliation_strings":["NIT Uttarakhand,ECE Department,Srinagar,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NIT Uttarakhand,ECE Department,Srinagar,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8778637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031850929","display_name":"Anand Bulusu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Bulusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064560509","display_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Electronics & Communication Engineering Department,Roorkee,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7084,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9297893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7539136409759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5858980417251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5828551054000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5710079669952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5360313653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.483590304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4566878080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-architecture","display_name":"Memory architecture","score":0.42071184515953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20423570275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1538320779800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10551437735557556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7539136409759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5858980417251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5828551054000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5710079669952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5360313653945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.483590304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4566878080368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15544750","display_name":"Memory architecture","level":2,"score":0.42071184515953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20423570275306702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1538320779800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10551437735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed60706.2024.10528729","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 25th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W654799228","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2725092576","https://openalex.org/W2740857766","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2945323101","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2981266844","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3048814057","https://openalex.org/W3119933723","https://openalex.org/W3135906938","https://openalex.org/W3170773788","https://openalex.org/W3194056411","https://openalex.org/W4210923376","https://openalex.org/W4220958508","https://openalex.org/W4312978570","https://openalex.org/W4364296667","https://openalex.org/W4383501736","https://openalex.org/W4388145418","https://openalex.org/W6700264148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115140794","https://openalex.org/W2041120224","https://openalex.org/W1993278628","https://openalex.org/W2154560316","https://openalex.org/W2001585562","https://openalex.org/W2105031241","https://openalex.org/W2077105843","https://openalex.org/W2112804590","https://openalex.org/W2904405156","https://openalex.org/W3175523456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,17],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,132,160],"energy-efficient":[4],"time":[5,44,64,80,96],"domain-based":[6,81],"compute":[7],"in-memory":[8],"architecture":[9,102,130],"to":[10,53,57,97],"accelerate":[11],"the":[12,22,26,36,63,85,114,128,154,157,172],"deep":[13],"neural":[14],"networks":[15],"(DNNs).":[16],"work":[18],"focuses":[19],"on":[20,171],"improving":[21],"energy":[23,133],"efficiency":[24,134],"of":[25,116,135,143,163],"multiplication":[27],"and":[28,145,166,174],"accumulation":[29],"(MAC)":[30],"operation":[31],"by":[32],"performing":[33],"it":[34],"within":[35],"memory":[37],"cell":[38,83],"itself.":[39],"The":[40,100],"proposed":[41,129],"approach":[42],"utilizes":[43],"domain":[45,65],"computing,":[46],"which":[47,148],"involves":[48],"introducing":[49],"a":[50,54,68,71,89,107,117,141],"specific":[51],"delay":[52],"reference":[55],"signal":[56,66],"perform":[58],"MAC":[59],"operations.":[60],"To":[61],"convert":[62],"into":[67],"digital":[69,98],"form,":[70],"time-to-digital":[72],"converter":[73],"(TDC)":[74],"is":[75,93,149],"employed.":[76],"A":[77],"$12":[78],"\\mathrm{~T}$":[79],"bit":[82],"generates":[84],"necessary":[86],"delay,":[87],"while":[88],"flash":[90],"type":[91],"TDC":[92],"used":[94],"for":[95],"conversion.":[99],"designed":[101],"has":[103],"been":[104],"implemented":[105],"using":[106],"$45":[108],"\\mathrm{~nm}$":[109],"CMOS":[110],"technology,":[111],"resulting":[112],"in":[113],"development":[115],"$128":[118],"\\times":[119],"64$":[120],"SRAM":[121],"CIM":[122],"macro.":[123],"Simulation":[124],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"achieved":[131],"$941":[136],"\\mathrm{TOPS}":[137],"/":[138],"\\mathrm{W}$":[139],"at":[140],"frequency":[142],"0.5MHz":[144],"$1":[146],"\\mathrm{~V}$,":[147],"$1.75":[150],"\\times$":[151],"higher":[152],"than":[153],"state-of-the-art.":[155],"Furthermore,":[156],"system":[158],"attained":[159],"inference":[161],"accuracy":[162],"$96.7":[164],"\\%$":[165,168],"$84.52":[167],"when":[169],"tested":[170],"MNIST":[173],"CIFAR-10":[175],"datasets,":[176],"respectively.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}