{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377969869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336","title":"TOTAL: Topology Optimization of Operational Amplifier via Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"TOTAL: Topology Optimization of Operational Amplifier via Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377969869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112921770","display_name":"Zihao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5372-3525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767673","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mamgv83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109694991","display_name":"Songlei Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767673","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mamgv83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlei Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101411514","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-913X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767673","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mamgv83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004722925","display_name":"Li Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Computer Science,China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science,Shanghai,China","China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Computer Science,China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064213921","display_name":"Xuan Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-4053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132426","display_name":"Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02vfj3j86","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767673","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System","ror":"https://ror.org/01mamgv83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fudan University,School of Microelectronics,State Key Lab of ASIC &amp; System,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112921770"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067","https://openalex.org/I4210132426","https://openalex.org/I4391767673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71152542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7051190137863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.61653071641922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.614614725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5867730379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.5370267033576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-optimization","display_name":"Topology optimization","score":0.5138095021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.45947402715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4151720702648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.3516860604286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.31693947315216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24255043268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16440674662590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09232190251350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08860573172569275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7051190137863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.61653071641922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.614614725112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5867730379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.5370267033576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189216461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443456","display_name":"Topology optimization","level":3,"score":0.5138095021247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.45947402715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4151720702648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.3516860604286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.31693947315216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24255043268203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16440674662590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09232190251350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08860573172569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed57927.2023.10129336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 24th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W597664373","https://openalex.org/W2004391179","https://openalex.org/W2046328375","https://openalex.org/W2138758959","https://openalex.org/W2154237706","https://openalex.org/W2551453206","https://openalex.org/W2769791151","https://openalex.org/W2804987245","https://openalex.org/W2911472431","https://openalex.org/W2943505044","https://openalex.org/W2989851762","https://openalex.org/W3018195242","https://openalex.org/W3036532492","https://openalex.org/W3092618035","https://openalex.org/W3100083105","https://openalex.org/W3213817780","https://openalex.org/W4213423202","https://openalex.org/W4221146495","https://openalex.org/W4280536221","https://openalex.org/W6751513613","https://openalex.org/W6776921880","https://openalex.org/W6810751744"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W2341346307","https://openalex.org/W4225269853","https://openalex.org/W3168977894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"ever-increasing":[1],"design":[2,41,54,93,99],"complexity":[3],"and":[4,97,101,117,175],"stringent":[5],"time-to-market":[6],"pressure,":[7],"automated":[8],"topology":[9,30,40],"synthesis":[10],"tools":[11],"for":[12,33,146],"operational":[13,34],"amplifiers":[14],"are":[15],"required":[16],"to":[17,47,62,90,106,124,142,168],"produce":[18],"designs":[19],"meeting":[20],"different":[21],"specifications.":[22],"This":[23],"paper":[24],"proposes":[25],"TOTAL,":[26],"a":[27,43,69,86,102,120,172],"reinforcement":[28],"learning-based":[29],"optimization":[31],"method":[32],"amplifiers.":[35],"We":[36],"decompose":[37],"the":[38,49,53,57,76,98,108,126,135,143,153],"circuit":[39,77,113],"as":[42,171],"Markov":[44],"decision":[45],"process":[46],"solve":[48],"high":[50],"dimensionality":[51],"of":[52],"space,":[55],"with":[56],"three-stage":[58],"cascode":[59],"paradigm":[60],"fixed":[61],"avoid":[63],"meaningless":[64],"structures.":[65],"Therefore,":[66],"starting":[67],"from":[68],"basic":[70],"behavior-level":[71],"topology,":[72],"an":[73],"agent":[74,83,127,155],"modifies":[75],"step":[78],"by":[79,119,166],"step.":[80],"Specifically,":[81],"this":[82],"mainly":[84],"adopts":[85],"graph":[87],"neural":[88,104],"network":[89,105],"understand":[91],"each":[92],"state,":[94],"including":[95],"specifications":[96,170],"history,":[100],"convolutional":[103],"modify":[107],"current":[109],"topology.":[110],"Every":[111],"completed":[112],"is":[114,140],"then":[115],"simulated":[116],"evaluated":[118],"customized":[121],"reward":[122],"function":[123],"guide":[125],"in":[128],"finding":[129],"qualified":[130],"circuits,":[131,161],"among":[132],"which":[133],"only":[134,158],"optimal":[136],"one":[137],"ever":[138],"recorded":[139],"mapped":[141],"transistor":[144],"level":[145],"further":[147],"evaluation.":[148],"Experimental":[149],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"trained":[154],"can":[156],"not":[157],"generate":[159],"high-performance":[160],"but":[162],"also":[163],"be":[164],"reusable":[165],"transferring":[167],"other":[169],"pre-trained":[173],"model":[174],"achieving":[176],"competitive":[177],"results.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
