{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283731057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215","title":"Discrete Steps towards Approximate Computing","display_name":"Discrete Steps towards Approximate Computing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283731057","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607671","display_name":"2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011115494","display_name":"M. Gansen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Gansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043984277","display_name":"Jie Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-8585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029479465","display_name":"Florian Freye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Freye","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023628905","display_name":"Tobias Gemmeke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-3411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Gemmeke","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102733009","display_name":"Farhad Merchant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Merchant","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICE, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","ICE, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICE, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICE, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059521407","display_name":"Albert Zeyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-671X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Zeyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060987315","display_name":"Mohammad Zeineldeen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Zeineldeen","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088968292","display_name":"Ralf Schl\u00fcter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-9247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Schluter","raw_affiliation_strings":["HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH,Aachen,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HLTPR, RWTH Aachen University, and AppTek GmbH, Aachen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034733719","display_name":"Xin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-5074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDS, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011115494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.888006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7304168343544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5998694896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.5536295175552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5112695693969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.49621397256851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4904336631298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3563233017921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35303646326065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3261628746986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2198217213153839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1635071337223053}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7304168343544006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5998694896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.5536295175552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5112695693969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49621397256851196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4904336631298065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3563233017921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35303646326065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3261628746986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2198217213153839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1635071337223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607671","display_name":"2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/6594b4df-5427-4ee9-a083-2a09c765587f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/6594b4df-5427-4ee9-a083-2a09c765587f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gansen , M , Lou , J , Freye , F , Gemmeke , T , Merchant , F , Zeyer , A , Zeineldeen , M , Schl\u00fcter , R &amp; Fan , X 2022 , Discrete Steps towards Approximate Computing . in 2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED) . , 9806215 , IEEE , pp. 1-6 , 2022 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED) , 06/04/2022 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ISQED54688.2022.9806215","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494198834","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2017819499","https://openalex.org/W2020217519","https://openalex.org/W2035378788","https://openalex.org/W2045294186","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2088964664","https://openalex.org/W2111013824","https://openalex.org/W2125010820","https://openalex.org/W2143384051","https://openalex.org/W2145654204","https://openalex.org/W2179627363","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2612141006","https://openalex.org/W2743322459","https://openalex.org/W2767260595","https://openalex.org/W2798846955","https://openalex.org/W2799026378","https://openalex.org/W2799923439","https://openalex.org/W2905659884","https://openalex.org/W2908782257","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2922382511","https://openalex.org/W2963711383","https://openalex.org/W3035792641","https://openalex.org/W3048414096","https://openalex.org/W3048561995","https://openalex.org/W3105532142","https://openalex.org/W3120770213","https://openalex.org/W3131543421","https://openalex.org/W3152828401","https://openalex.org/W3157673417","https://openalex.org/W3163301179","https://openalex.org/W3166123409","https://openalex.org/W3170773788","https://openalex.org/W3170798078","https://openalex.org/W3185437734","https://openalex.org/W3197507772","https://openalex.org/W3198439131","https://openalex.org/W3211238175","https://openalex.org/W4206377087","https://openalex.org/W4249697915","https://openalex.org/W4254246953","https://openalex.org/W4286656557","https://openalex.org/W4287332019","https://openalex.org/W4287773840","https://openalex.org/W6672604976","https://openalex.org/W6681222689","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6742278618","https://openalex.org/W6779615310","https://openalex.org/W6796460886","https://openalex.org/W6804132009","https://openalex.org/W6840610521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156566607","https://openalex.org/W1935080020","https://openalex.org/W3215589575","https://openalex.org/W2124280774","https://openalex.org/W2797902698","https://openalex.org/W2908265705","https://openalex.org/W325681004","https://openalex.org/W3006715372","https://openalex.org/W4280610722","https://openalex.org/W3185228140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"long":[1],"as":[2,30,49,61],"a":[3],"computational":[4],"precision":[5],"above":[6],"8":[7],"bits":[8],"is":[9,59],"preferred,":[10],"digital":[11,27,67],"design":[12],"generally":[13],"outperforms":[14],"analog":[15,77],"one":[16],"incurring":[17],"less":[18],"hardware":[19],"cost.":[20],"This":[21],"motivates":[22],"our":[23],"recent":[24],"studies":[25],"on":[26],"approximate":[28,93],"computing":[29,58],"presented":[31],"in":[32,65,102],"this":[33],"paper.":[34],"Rather":[35],"than":[36],"using":[37,44],"fixed-point":[38],"numbers,":[39],"discrete":[40,70],"steps":[41],"of":[42],"approximation":[43],"floating-point":[45],"number":[46],"representations":[47],"such":[48],"BFloat16":[50],"and":[51,73,95],"posit":[52],"formats":[53],"are":[54,99],"explored":[55],"particularly.":[56],"Time-domain":[57],"addressed":[60],"well":[62],"which":[63],"starts":[64],"the":[66,76,112],"domain":[68,78],"with":[69,114],"delay":[71,81],"values":[72],"moves":[74],"towards":[75],"under":[79],"increased":[80],"uncertainties":[82],"when":[83],"pushed":[84],"for":[85],"energy":[86],"efficiency":[87],"by":[88],"voltage":[89],"scaling.":[90],"The":[91],"proposed":[92],"arithmetic":[94],"nonlinear":[96],"activation":[97],"functions":[98],"further":[100],"evaluated":[101],"various":[103],"artificial":[104],"neural":[105],"networks":[106],"achieving":[107],"competitive":[108],"Quality-of-Service":[109],"compared":[110],"to":[111],"state-of-the-art":[113],"full-precision":[115],"computing.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
