{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120915204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","title":"Diverse Knowledge Distillation (DKD): A Solution for Improving The Robustness of Ensemble Models Against Adversarial Attacks","display_name":"Diverse Knowledge Distillation (DKD): A Solution for Improving The Robustness of Ensemble Models Against Adversarial Attacks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120915204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","mag":"3120915204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15127","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031799158","display_name":"Ali Mirzaeian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-6416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mirzaeian","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University","George Mason University,Department of ECE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of ECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086078885","display_name":"Jana Ko\u0161eck\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-3277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Kosecka","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University","George Mason University,Department of ECE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of ECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047382437","display_name":"Houman Homayoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8904-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houman Homayoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis","University of California,Department of ECE,Davis"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of ECE,Davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084010501","display_name":"Tinoosh Mohsenin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5551-2124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinoosh Mohsenin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County","University of Maryland,Department of ECE,Baltimore County"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Department of ECE,Baltimore County","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060036961","display_name":"Avesta Sasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-8075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avesta Sasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University","George Mason University,Department of ECE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University,Department of ECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031799158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4199,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67442495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"319","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9697999954223633,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7730761766433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7125948071479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.711345911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7082801461219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.641804575920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6037308573722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.480116605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.42885255813598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.421970933675766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4168328046798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3241075277328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.31068992614746094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7730761766433716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7125948071479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.711345911026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7082801461219788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.641804575920105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6037308573722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.480116605758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.42885255813598633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.421970933675766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4168328046798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3241075277328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31068992614746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.15127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15127","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3120915204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdsoar.org:11603/21039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/21039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402556","display_name":"Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.15127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.15127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.13016/m2hksl-vixr","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m2hksl-vixr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.13021/mars/3094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13021/mars/3094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051576","display_name":"George Mason University","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.15127","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15127","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.15127","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120915204.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3120915204.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116873850","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2517229335","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2735607295","https://openalex.org/W2768346313","https://openalex.org/W2768424695","https://openalex.org/W2799137784","https://openalex.org/W2804342109","https://openalex.org/W2884201348","https://openalex.org/W2889923254","https://openalex.org/W2890837415","https://openalex.org/W2893001471","https://openalex.org/W2899811703","https://openalex.org/W2940764740","https://openalex.org/W2942630857","https://openalex.org/W2943642558","https://openalex.org/W2945027786","https://openalex.org/W2945047231","https://openalex.org/W2949311987","https://openalex.org/W2949362401","https://openalex.org/W2963143631","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963249138","https://openalex.org/W2963389226","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2970971581","https://openalex.org/W2977691838","https://openalex.org/W2981250686","https://openalex.org/W2996132293","https://openalex.org/W2999880875","https://openalex.org/W3035875322","https://openalex.org/W3041420614","https://openalex.org/W3042161696","https://openalex.org/W3090420559","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W3113937871","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3128459648","https://openalex.org/W3147600416","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6726407388","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6736092963","https://openalex.org/W6748475379","https://openalex.org/W6751535199","https://openalex.org/W6753671750","https://openalex.org/W6754902836","https://openalex.org/W6758779121","https://openalex.org/W6761839128","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6768483356","https://openalex.org/W6769265992","https://openalex.org/W6784209582","https://openalex.org/W6864274290","https://openalex.org/W7047449439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163307436","https://openalex.org/W3037182574","https://openalex.org/W3176432129","https://openalex.org/W3087640584","https://openalex.org/W2967398859","https://openalex.org/W3081982213","https://openalex.org/W2972781078","https://openalex.org/W2914158293","https://openalex.org/W3183228686","https://openalex.org/W2997645422","https://openalex.org/W3090048791","https://openalex.org/W3175274127","https://openalex.org/W3035897475","https://openalex.org/W2916168812","https://openalex.org/W3099502074","https://openalex.org/W2984203285","https://openalex.org/W2970561365","https://openalex.org/W3006620186","https://openalex.org/W3093673989","https://openalex.org/W1867666965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"ensemble":[4],"learning":[5],"model":[6],"that":[7],"is":[8,45],"resistant":[9],"to":[10,38,56,62,99],"adversarial":[11],"attacks.":[12],"To":[13],"build":[14],"resilience,":[15],"we":[16],"introduced":[17],"a":[18,25,36,48,63],"training":[19],"process":[20],"where":[21],"each":[22],"member":[23,55],"learns":[24],"radically":[26],"distinct":[27],"latent":[28,64],"space.":[29],"Member":[30],"models":[31],"are":[32],"added":[33],"one":[34],"at":[35],"time":[37],"the":[39,42,53,75,80,100,103],"ensemble.":[40],"Simultaneously,":[41],"loss":[43],"function":[44],"regulated":[46],"by":[47],"reverse":[49],"knowledge":[50],"distillation,":[51],"forcing":[52],"new":[54],"learn":[57],"different":[58],"features":[59],"and":[60,77,89,92,95],"map":[61],"space":[65],"safely":[66],"distanced":[67],"from":[68],"those":[69],"of":[70,79,102],"existing":[71],"members.":[72],"We":[73],"assessed":[74],"security":[76,94],"performance":[78,96],"proposed":[81],"solution":[82],"on":[83],"image":[84],"classification":[85],"tasks":[86],"using":[87],"CIFAR10":[88],"MNIST":[90],"datasets":[91],"showed":[93],"improvement":[97],"compared":[98],"state":[101],"art":[104],"defense":[105],"methods.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}