{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3161343929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","title":"Flush-Reload Attack and its Mitigation on an FPGA Based Compressed Cache Design","display_name":"Flush-Reload Attack and its Mitigation on an FPGA Based Compressed Cache Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3161343929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","mag":"3161343929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033453195","display_name":"Prashant Mata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Mata","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101502774","display_name":"Nanditha Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2369-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181514455","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9eqy10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanditha Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033453195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181514455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77559369,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"535","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8459271192550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.8270589113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/page-cache","display_name":"Page cache","score":0.639238715171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-invalidation","display_name":"Cache invalidation","score":0.6298973560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-pollution","display_name":"Cache pollution","score":0.6294921636581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cache","display_name":"Smart Cache","score":0.6050502061843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.5769479870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.4921385645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-coloring","display_name":"Cache coloring","score":0.47578179836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.475579172372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.4566899240016937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.42844662070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36359524726867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2124173939228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.15569525957107544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8459271192550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.8270589113235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36340418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7124288","display_name":"Page cache","level":5,"score":0.639238715171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25536678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015977","display_name":"Cache invalidation","level":5,"score":0.6298973560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113166858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015981","display_name":"Cache pollution","level":5,"score":0.6294921636581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167713795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"Smart Cache","level":5,"score":0.6050502061843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.5769479870796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.4921385645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201148951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015976","display_name":"Cache coloring","level":4,"score":0.47578179836273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.475579172372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.4566899240016937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.42844662070274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36359524726867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2124173939228058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.15569525957107544}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed51717.2021.9424252","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 22nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1427174644","https://openalex.org/W1934458198","https://openalex.org/W2024540116","https://openalex.org/W2104182023","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2166293920","https://openalex.org/W2171667830","https://openalex.org/W2253855427","https://openalex.org/W2521480511","https://openalex.org/W2625850712","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2982844362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133489088","https://openalex.org/W2363769136","https://openalex.org/W2114386333","https://openalex.org/W2126408955","https://openalex.org/W2539712666","https://openalex.org/W2148571123","https://openalex.org/W2396934146","https://openalex.org/W2369103246","https://openalex.org/W2734782074","https://openalex.org/W2115222420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"micro-architectural":[1],"components":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"caches,":[5],"branch":[6],"predictors":[7],"and":[8,69,96,156],"prefetchers":[9],"are":[10],"known":[11],"to":[12,111,168,180],"assist":[13],"in":[14,49,143],"side-channel":[15,136],"data":[16,22,75],"leaks.":[17],"Side-channel":[18],"attacks":[19,137],"recover":[20],"secret":[21],"by":[23,166,178],"observing":[24],"the":[25,29,33,36,43,50,61,65,73,79,93,99,102,121,128,133,148,161,164,175],"timing":[26],"behavior":[27],"while":[28],"victim":[30],"process":[31],"accesses":[32],"cache":[34,54,66,81,107,141,176],"or":[35],"memory.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,126,171],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"explore":[42,147],"impact":[44,100,174],"of":[45,52,64,72,101,116,123,135,150,163],"a":[46,53,84,105,139,152],"Flush-Reload":[47,94],"attack":[48,95,103,165],"presence":[51],"compression":[55,58,68],"scheme.":[56],"Cache":[57],"technique":[59],"increases":[60],"effective":[62],"size":[63],"through":[67],"appropriate":[70],"placement":[71],"compressed":[74,80,106,140],"blocks.":[76],"We":[77,91,145],"integrate":[78],"design":[82,142],"with":[83],"RISC-V":[85],"processor":[86],"core":[87],"on":[88,104,138],"an":[89,117],"FPGA.":[90],"implement":[92],"find":[97],"that":[98,115,158],"scheme":[108,172],"is":[109,127],"likely":[110],"be":[112],"weaker":[113],"than":[114],"uncompressed":[118],"design.":[119],"To":[120],"best":[122],"our":[124],"knowledge,":[125],"first":[129],"attempt":[130],"at":[131],"understanding":[132],"role":[134],"hardware.":[144],"further":[146],"possibility":[149],"using":[151],"variable":[153],"clock":[154],"logic":[155],"observe":[157],"it":[159],"reduces":[160],"effectiveness":[162],"30":[167],"50%.":[169],"However,":[170],"could":[173],"performance":[177],"up":[179],"2.9":[181],"times.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}