{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3042003498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","title":"EM Fault Injection on ARM and RISC-V","display_name":"EM Fault Injection on ARM and RISC-V","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3042003498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","mag":"3042003498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084311266","display_name":"Mahmoud A. Elmohr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud A. Elmohr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082046001","display_name":"Haohao Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haohao Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035154433","display_name":"Catherine H. Gebotys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-3741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine H. Gebotys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084311266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93496359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"206","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.8169275522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.7880463600158691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-architecture","display_name":"ARM architecture","score":0.6842197179794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6412078142166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.617905855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5457467436790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.47209686040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23592743277549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20665660500526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.19533449411392212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.8169275522232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.7880463600158691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.6842197179794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6412078142166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.617905855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5457467436790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.47209686040878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23592743277549744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20665660500526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.19533449411392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9137051","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834056812","https://openalex.org/W2027462864","https://openalex.org/W2035296384","https://openalex.org/W2039845393","https://openalex.org/W2072181464","https://openalex.org/W2078668570","https://openalex.org/W2085992264","https://openalex.org/W2114235603","https://openalex.org/W2138111642","https://openalex.org/W2318946840","https://openalex.org/W2560082747","https://openalex.org/W2751658612","https://openalex.org/W2916335466","https://openalex.org/W2944835877","https://openalex.org/W2946106542","https://openalex.org/W2946207961","https://openalex.org/W3010436083","https://openalex.org/W3105925763","https://openalex.org/W6657291838","https://openalex.org/W6743926752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2538644970","https://openalex.org/W4376881175","https://openalex.org/W4310584696","https://openalex.org/W4385730960","https://openalex.org/W4237840813","https://openalex.org/W4364295250","https://openalex.org/W2798369277","https://openalex.org/W2128502296","https://openalex.org/W2993622674","https://openalex.org/W3042003498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"Electro-Magnetic":[1],"Fault":[2],"Injection":[3],"(EMFI)":[4],"techniques":[5],"have":[6,10,112],"been":[7,113],"found":[8],"to":[9,62,98,121,129,137],"significant":[11],"implications":[12],"on":[13,53,71],"the":[14,36,123],"security":[15],"of":[16,25,27,48,66,104,125],"embedded":[17,33,77,134],"devices.":[18],"Unfortunately,":[19],"there":[20],"is":[21,82],"still":[22],"a":[23,54,63],"lack":[24],"understanding":[26,102,124],"EM":[28],"faults":[29],"and":[30,75,89],"countermeasures":[31,132],"for":[32,133],"processors.":[34],"For":[35],"first":[37],"time,":[38],"this":[39],"paper":[40],"empirically":[41],"shows":[42],"that":[43,80,110],"EMFI":[44,81],"can":[45],"cause":[46],"skipping/faulting":[47],"more":[49,83],"than":[50],"one":[51],"instruction":[52],"320MHz":[55],"RISC-V":[56,76],"processor,":[57],"thus":[58],"making":[59],"it":[60],"susceptible":[61,84],"wider":[64],"range":[65],"attacks.":[67,140],"Additionally,":[68],"empirical":[69],"results":[70],"ARM":[72],"Cortex":[73],"M0":[74],"processors":[78,135],"show":[79],"at":[85],"lower":[86],"supply":[87],"voltages":[88],"higher":[90],"clock":[91],"frequencies.":[92],"Exception":[93],"codes":[94],"are":[95],"also":[96],"shown":[97],"be":[99],"useful":[100],"in":[101,115,127],"details":[103],"injected":[105],"faults,":[106,126],"providing":[107],"further":[108],"evidence":[109],"instructions":[111],"corrupted":[114],"many":[116],"cases.":[117],"This":[118],"research":[119],"aims":[120],"enhance":[122],"order":[128],"better":[130],"design":[131],"resistant":[136],"fault":[138],"injection":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
