{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013976752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","title":"Strong Anti-SAT: Secure and Effective Logic Locking","display_name":"Strong Anti-SAT: Secure and Effective Logic Locking","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013976752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","mag":"3013976752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100657633","display_name":"Yuntao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-582X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park","University of Maryland - College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland - College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077915520","display_name":"Michael Zuzak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0356-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Zuzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park","University of Maryland - College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland - College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020319459","display_name":"Yang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-3908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park","University of Maryland - College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland - College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743445","display_name":"Abhishek Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-6326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park","University of Maryland - College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland - College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089770783","display_name":"Ankur Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-904X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ankur Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park","University of Maryland - College Park"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland - College Park","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100657633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.25106399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44478261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.770804762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6843713521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.45846566557884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-logic","display_name":"Sequential logic","score":0.43290698528289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.4279231131076813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4034654200077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.34834742546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3390847444534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32839125394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3107099235057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2891778349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.21743160486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07154437899589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06471574306488037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770804762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6843713521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.45846566557884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187075797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173245","display_name":"Sequential logic","level":3,"score":0.43290698528289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.4279231131076813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4034654200077057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.34834742546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3390847444534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32839125394821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3107099235057831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2891778349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.21743160486221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07154437899589539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06471574306488037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3013976752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/202.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2067276029","https://openalex.org/W2147657366","https://openalex.org/W2343475170","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2612718941","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2626492933","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2770715991","https://openalex.org/W2806992466","https://openalex.org/W2809656845","https://openalex.org/W2899848879","https://openalex.org/W2974376584","https://openalex.org/W2977663466","https://openalex.org/W6724703443","https://openalex.org/W6748840973","https://openalex.org/W6756783469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106433382","https://openalex.org/W3083671397","https://openalex.org/W3186304123","https://openalex.org/W3182286741","https://openalex.org/W2996961199","https://openalex.org/W2578758078","https://openalex.org/W2074943483","https://openalex.org/W2410532166","https://openalex.org/W2198796478","https://openalex.org/W3156513785","https://openalex.org/W1733053380","https://openalex.org/W2897213956","https://openalex.org/W3186394125","https://openalex.org/W2951239373","https://openalex.org/W1543735334","https://openalex.org/W2901383276","https://openalex.org/W3205432815","https://openalex.org/W1745054520","https://openalex.org/W3092178913","https://openalex.org/W3103277946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Logic":[0],"locking":[1,31,71,111,157,166,178,221],"has":[2,185,235],"been":[3],"proposed":[4],"as":[5,51],"strong":[6,56],"protection":[7],"of":[8,48,64,119,136,165,248],"intellectual":[9],"property":[10],"(IP)":[11],"against":[12,199],"security":[13,126,198],"threats":[14],"in":[15,207],"the":[16,22,38,42,61,79,82,101,134,186,219],"IC":[17],"supply":[18],"chain":[19],"especially":[20],"when":[21,41,81],"fabrication":[23],"facility":[24],"is":[25,44,84,152,202,244],"untrusted.":[26],"Such":[27],"techniques":[28],"use":[29],"additional":[30],"circuitry":[32],"to":[33,59,74,161,212],"inject":[34,75],"incorrect":[35],"behavior":[36],"into":[37,78,227],"digital":[39],"functionality":[40,109],"key":[43,63,83],"incorrect.":[45],"A":[46],"family":[47],"attacks":[49],"known":[50],"\u201cSAT":[52],"attacks\u201d":[53],"provides":[54,115],"a":[55,116,123,140,150,172,236],"mathematical":[57],"formulation":[58],"find":[60],"correct":[62],"locked":[65],"circuits.":[66],"Many":[67],"conventional":[68],"SAT-resilient":[69],"logic":[70,110,156,177],"schemes":[72],"fail":[73],"sufficient":[76],"error":[77,99,137],"circuit":[80,102],"incorrect:":[85],"there":[86],"are":[87],"usually":[88],"very":[89],"few":[90],"(or":[91],"only":[92],"one)":[93],"input":[94],"minterms":[95],"that":[96,148,196,233,247],"cause":[97],"any":[98],"at":[100],"output":[103],"[18],":[104],"[20]\u2013[22].":[105],"The":[106],"state-of-the-art":[107],"stripped":[108],"(SFLL)":[112],"[24]":[113],"technique":[114],"wide":[117],"spectrum":[118],"configurations":[120],"which":[121,215],"introduced":[122],"trade-off":[124,151],"between":[125],"(i.e.":[127,133],"SAT":[128,200],"attack":[129,201],"complexity)":[130],"and":[131,175,231],"effectiveness":[132,164],"amount":[135],"injected":[138],"by":[139,205],"wrong":[141],"key).":[142],"In":[143,159,210],"this":[144],"work,":[145],"we":[146,170,223],"prove":[147,195],"such":[149],"universal":[153],"among":[154],"all":[155],"techniques.":[158,192,250],"order":[160],"attain":[162],"high":[163,237],"without":[167],"compromising":[168],"security,":[169],"propose":[171],"novel":[173],"secure":[174],"effective":[176],"scheme,":[179],"called":[180],"Strong":[181],"Anti-SAT":[182],"(SAS).":[183],"SAS":[184,234],"following":[187],"significant":[188],"improvements":[189],"over":[190],"existing":[191,249],"(1)":[193],"We":[194],"SAS's":[197,241],"not":[203],"compromised":[204],"increases":[206],"effectiveness.":[208],"(2)":[209],"contrast":[211],"prior":[213],"work":[214],"focused":[216],"solely":[217],"on":[218],"circuit-level":[220],"impact,":[222],"integrate":[224],"SAS-locked":[225],"modules":[226],"an":[228],"80386":[229],"processor":[230],"show":[232],"application-level":[238],"impact.":[239],"(3)":[240],"hardware":[242],"overhead":[243],"smaller":[245],"than":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}