{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041838235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","title":"Hierarchical Improvement of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Object Detection: (Invited Paper)","display_name":"Hierarchical Improvement of Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for Object Detection: (Invited Paper)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041838235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","mag":"3041838235"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051915196","display_name":"Junde Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-8887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junde Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006138748","display_name":"Mahabubul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1441-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahabubul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081670443","display_name":"Abdullah Ash Saki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-2770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Ash Saki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085567454","display_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swaroop Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.46,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64143797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.8060805797576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit","display_name":"Quantum circuit","score":0.6046419739723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5937332510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-unconstrained-binary-optimization","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","score":0.5818301439285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5312590003013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.49994730949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4866707921028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.48455610871315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","score":0.46545177698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4362953007221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31937551498413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.181177020072937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.8060805797576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.6046419739723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5937332510948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177179195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268372","display_name":"Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization","level":4,"score":0.5818301439285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5312590003013611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.49994730949401855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4866707921028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.48455610871315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130787639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293","display_name":"Hamiltonian (control theory)","level":2,"score":0.46545177698135376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4362953007221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31937551498413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.181177020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed48828.2020.9136973","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 21st International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1507600087","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1604753129","https://openalex.org/W2046871815","https://openalex.org/W2084019889","https://openalex.org/W2297565774","https://openalex.org/W2606975978","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2750232680","https://openalex.org/W2803606414","https://openalex.org/W2811032035","https://openalex.org/W2903350490","https://openalex.org/W2922475749","https://openalex.org/W2945773270","https://openalex.org/W2951211905","https://openalex.org/W2962767882","https://openalex.org/W2963142702","https://openalex.org/W2971711585","https://openalex.org/W2974544229","https://openalex.org/W2998757566","https://openalex.org/W3005347330","https://openalex.org/W3037355117","https://openalex.org/W3099977377","https://openalex.org/W3100894865","https://openalex.org/W3104240171","https://openalex.org/W3104988867","https://openalex.org/W3105175368","https://openalex.org/W3105613664","https://openalex.org/W3105727332","https://openalex.org/W3137702287","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292027170","https://openalex.org/W4298109276","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6634007516","https://openalex.org/W6697071954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129874988","https://openalex.org/W3196348232","https://openalex.org/W4388704119","https://openalex.org/W4226238793","https://openalex.org/W2910123824","https://openalex.org/W4281550036","https://openalex.org/W3206120658","https://openalex.org/W4390992964","https://openalex.org/W3131420525","https://openalex.org/W4362453073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"Approximate":[1],"Optimization":[2,81],"Algorithm":[3],"(QAOA)":[4],"provides":[5],"approximate":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,84],"combinatorial":[9],"optimization":[10,115],"problems.":[11],"It":[12],"encodes":[13],"the":[14,34,40,53,98,133,153,160,176],"cost":[15],"function":[16],"using":[17,149],"a$p$-level":[18],"quantum":[19,60],"circuit":[20,61,161],"where":[21],"each":[22],"level":[23,135],"consists":[24],"a":[25,30,76,109],"problem":[26],"Hamiltonian":[27],"followed":[28],"by":[29,126,140,166],"mixing":[31],"Hamiltonian.":[32],"Despite":[33],"promises,":[35],"few":[36],"real-world":[37],"applications":[38,87],"(besides":[39],"pedagogical":[41],"MaxCut":[42],"problem)":[43],"have":[44],"exploited":[45],"QAOA.":[46],"The":[47],"success":[48],"of":[49,100,112],"QAOA":[50,70,105],"relies":[51],"on":[52,104],"classical":[54,130],"optimizer,":[55],"variational":[56],"parameter":[57,142,150],"setting,":[58],"and":[59,63,71,136,144],"design":[62],"compilation.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"study,":[67],"we":[68,96],"implement":[69],"analyze":[72,97],"its":[73],"performance":[74],"for":[75,116,172],"broader":[77],"Quadratic":[78],"Unconstrained":[79],"Binary":[80],"(QUBO)":[82],"formulation":[83],"solve":[85],"real-word":[86],"such":[88],"as,":[89],"partially":[90],"occluded":[91],"object":[92,117],"detection":[93],"problem.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"effects":[99],"above":[101],"influential":[102],"factors":[103],"performance.":[106],"We":[107,119,156],"propose":[108],"3-level":[110],"improvement":[111],"hybrid":[113],"quantum-classical":[114],"detection.":[118],"achieve":[120,163],"more":[121,145],"than":[122,146],"13X":[123],"execution":[124],"speedup":[125,139],"choosing":[127],"L-BFGS-B":[128],"as":[129],"optimizer":[131],"at":[132,152,175],"first":[134],"5.50X":[137],"additional":[138],"exploiting":[141],"symmetry":[143],"1.23X":[147],"acceleration":[148],"regression":[151],"second":[154],"level.":[155,178],"empirically":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"will":[162],"better":[164],"fidelity":[165],"optimally":[167],"rescheduling":[168],"gate":[169],"operations":[170],"(especially":[171],"deeper":[173],"circuits)":[174],"third":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
