{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611677285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","title":"Integrated circuit identification and true random numbers using 1.5-transistor flash memory","display_name":"Integrated circuit identification and true random numbers using 1.5-transistor flash memory","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611677285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","mag":"2611677285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015329523","display_name":"Lawrence T. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7741-6512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence T. Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054821286","display_name":"James W. Adams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063108703","display_name":"Keith E. Holbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith E. Holbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015329523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72961067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7343474626541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6941242814064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6402069330215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-memory","display_name":"Flash memory","score":0.5842854976654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5751166343688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.476548969745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.469648540019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4293571710586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.42185091972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3657247722148895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3429047465324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1729324460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16793879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14783596992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13959717750549316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7343474626541138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6941242814064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6402069330215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776531357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174077","display_name":"Flash memory","level":2,"score":0.5842854976654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5751166343688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.476548969745636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.469648540019989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4293571710586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.42185091972351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3657247722148895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3429047465324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1729324460029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16793879866600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14783596992492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13959717750549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164711155","https://openalex.org/W1515671919","https://openalex.org/W1516343489","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1967388580","https://openalex.org/W1995921727","https://openalex.org/W2001067488","https://openalex.org/W2030523841","https://openalex.org/W2048999575","https://openalex.org/W2052828598","https://openalex.org/W2057434929","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2101559256","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2144418895","https://openalex.org/W2172255798","https://openalex.org/W2291918266","https://openalex.org/W2308470952","https://openalex.org/W2401933237","https://openalex.org/W3197160344","https://openalex.org/W6606751613","https://openalex.org/W6630771808","https://openalex.org/W6670797977","https://openalex.org/W6697097356","https://openalex.org/W6825343983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W2116397085","https://openalex.org/W2535372975","https://openalex.org/W2017101954","https://openalex.org/W2537636062","https://openalex.org/W1594494193","https://openalex.org/W2378293894","https://openalex.org/W2135436866","https://openalex.org/W1994190181","https://openalex.org/W1492907585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flash":[0],"memory":[1,27,42],"bits,":[2],"like":[3],"other":[4],"integrated":[5],"circuit":[6],"(IC)":[7],"devices,":[8],"are":[9,89,101],"prone":[10],"to":[11,52,93,108],"random":[12,127],"variability":[13],"in":[14,29],"their":[15,35],"actual":[16],"vs.":[17],"nominal":[18],"characteristics.":[19],"We":[20],"present":[21],"the":[22,46,98,104],"use":[23],"of":[24,41,48,113],"1.5-T":[25],"flash":[26],"cells":[28],"physically":[30],"unclonable":[31],"functions":[32],"(PUFs)":[33],"leveraging":[34],"erase":[36],"speed":[37],"variability.":[38],"This":[39],"type":[40],"is":[43],"interesting":[44],"for":[45,77,86,118],"internet":[47],"things":[49],"(IOT)":[50],"due":[51],"its":[53],"wide":[54],"availability":[55],"as":[56],"IP":[57],"at":[58],"foundries.":[59],"Using":[60],"experimentally":[61],"measured":[62],"results,":[63],"we":[64],"show":[65],"simple":[66],"methods":[67],"that":[68],"provide":[69],"high":[70],"reliability":[71],"with":[72,121],"no":[73],"or":[74],"limited":[75],"need":[76],"helper":[78,124],"data":[79],"and":[80,115],"error":[81],"correction.":[82],"High":[83],"quality":[84],"fingerprints":[85],"IC":[87],"identification":[88],"demonstrated.":[90],"Moreover,":[91],"techniques":[92],"remove":[94],"systematic":[95],"variations":[96],"from":[97],"array":[99],"response":[100],"shown,":[102],"allowing":[103],"resulting":[105],"binary":[106],"strings":[107],"pass":[109],"all":[110],"National":[111],"Institute":[112],"Standards":[114],"Technology":[116],"tests":[117],"randomness.":[119],"Consequently,":[120],"low":[122],"complexity":[123],"functions,":[125],"true":[126],"numbers":[128],"can":[129],"be":[130],"readily":[131],"produced.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
