{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2611091143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","title":"Crossover Ring Oscillator PUF","display_name":"Crossover Ring Oscillator PUF","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2611091143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","mag":"2611091143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102263519","display_name":"Zihan Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and 'Iechnolozy, Tsinghua University, China","School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technolozy (Beijing), Beijing, China","Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and 'Iechnolozy, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technolozy (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680958","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-6794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101929507","display_name":"Qiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7369-3598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and 'Iechnolozy, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and 'Iechnolozy, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110490684","display_name":"Shuqian Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuqian Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software College, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743485","display_name":"Qian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-0528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technolozy (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technolozy (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000903266","display_name":"Bin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9153-6366"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Eshore Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Eshore Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91720405,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.8475693464279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.567914605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.5382212400436401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.37495943903923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3742116689682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.30300062894821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09799906611442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.0856860876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.08191990852355957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.8475693464279175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.567914605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5382212400436401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.37495943903923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3742116689682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.30300062894821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09799906611442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0856860876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.08191990852355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2017.7918322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 18th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995871244","https://openalex.org/W1999058134","https://openalex.org/W2013574495","https://openalex.org/W2044598644","https://openalex.org/W2052908934","https://openalex.org/W2067008732","https://openalex.org/W2070196900","https://openalex.org/W2081432934","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2128735154","https://openalex.org/W2135064681","https://openalex.org/W2141757723","https://openalex.org/W2151596496","https://openalex.org/W3145722221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035376930","https://openalex.org/W2030189795","https://openalex.org/W2087529607","https://openalex.org/W1975344632","https://openalex.org/W2536873625","https://openalex.org/W2165627932","https://openalex.org/W1974695267","https://openalex.org/W2994748791","https://openalex.org/W2921481466","https://openalex.org/W2096152519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ring":[0],"Oscillator":[1],"(RO)":[2],"Physical":[3],"Unclonable":[4],"Function":[5],"(PUF)":[6],"is":[7,77],"one":[8],"of":[9,93,125],"the":[10,20,32,113],"most":[11],"popular":[12],"silicon":[13],"PUFs":[14,41],"which":[15],"exploit":[16],"manufacturing":[17],"variations":[18],"during":[19],"chip":[21],"fabrication":[22],"process.":[23],"RO":[24,40,63,116,131],"PUF":[25,64],"can":[26],"generate":[27],"secret":[28],"bits":[29,124],"by":[30,133],"comparing":[31],"frequency":[33],"difference":[34],"between":[35],"two":[36],"ROs.":[37],"However,":[38],"previous":[39,114],"improve":[42,66],"flexibility":[43,67],"and":[44,50,68,70,107,110,129],"reliability":[45,69,111],"through":[46],"adding":[47],"redundant":[48],"ROs":[49],"thus":[51],"incur":[52],"unacceptable":[53],"hardware":[54,72,105],"overheads.":[55,73],"In":[56,118],"this":[57],"work,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"a":[61],"crossover":[62],"to":[65,78],"reduce":[71],"The":[74],"basic":[75],"idea":[76],"implement":[79],"one-to-one":[80],"input-output":[81],"mapping":[82],"with":[83],"Lookup":[84],"Table":[85],"(LUT)-based":[86],"interstage":[87,126],"crossing":[88,127],"structure":[89,101,128],"in":[90],"each":[91],"level":[92],"inverters.":[94],"Experimental":[95],"results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"our":[99],"proposed":[100],"has":[102],"much":[103],"lower":[104],"overheads":[106],"better":[108],"uniqueness":[109],"than":[112],"configurable":[115],"PUFs.":[117],"addition,":[119],"individual":[120],"customization":[121],"on":[122],"configuration":[123],"different":[130],"selections":[132],"challenges":[134],"bring":[135],"high":[136],"flexibility.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}