{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401933237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","title":"On testing physically unclonable functions for uniqueness","display_name":"On testing physically unclonable functions for uniqueness","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401933237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","mag":"2401933237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 17th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101651494","display_name":"Arunkumar Vijayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arunkumar Vijayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080028094","display_name":"Vinay C. Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-2727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinay C. Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054064879","display_name":"Sandip Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-3824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101651494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424","https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.892,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84540154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"368","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6656614542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6590073108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.6409468650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.6259609460830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.5720726847648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5668900012969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5228263139724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5014934539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.46602296829223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.43794018030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.324712872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.321660578250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20678141713142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13674503564834595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6656614542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6590073108673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.6409468650817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.6259609460830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.5720726847648621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5668900012969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5228263139724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5014934539794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46602296829223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.43794018030166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.324712872505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.321660578250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20678141713142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13674503564834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2016.7479229","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 17th International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42037993","https://openalex.org/W1967816545","https://openalex.org/W2046161690","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2122196799","https://openalex.org/W2151759197","https://openalex.org/W2171762889","https://openalex.org/W2174648984","https://openalex.org/W3147945423","https://openalex.org/W4213238657","https://openalex.org/W4244770034","https://openalex.org/W6662047093","https://openalex.org/W6676995458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292862360","https://openalex.org/W3094096662","https://openalex.org/W2896245892","https://openalex.org/W3083074270","https://openalex.org/W2910831494","https://openalex.org/W3081452067","https://openalex.org/W4386278306","https://openalex.org/W2325849214","https://openalex.org/W3201860997","https://openalex.org/W4391182404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,100,112,124],"applications":[3,40],"from":[4],"smartcard":[5],"to":[6,8,15,29,52,89,109],"ePassport":[7],"eID":[9],"depend":[10],"on":[11,25,69,102],"preventing":[12],"unauthorized":[13],"access":[14],"hardware":[16,148],"and":[17,43,129,141],"software":[18],"functionality.":[19],"Physically":[20],"Unclonable":[21],"Functions":[22],"(PUF)":[23],"rely":[24,68],"manufacturing":[26,70],"process":[27,71],"variations":[28],"create":[30],"unique":[31,54],"identifiers":[32],"that":[33,77,93],"can":[34],"be":[35,53,61],"used":[36],"for":[37,55,115,127,133,144],"various":[38],"security":[39],"including":[41],"authentication":[42],"secure":[44],"access.":[45],"For":[46],"practical":[47],"applications,":[48],"PUFs":[49,67,79,92,114,126,146],"are":[50,74,139,142],"required":[51],"each":[56],"chip.":[57],"Such":[58],"property":[59],"cannot":[60],"ensured":[62],"by":[63],"design":[64],"alone.":[65],"Since":[66],"variations,":[72],"there":[73,104],"no":[75],"guarantees":[76],"two":[78],"will":[80],"never":[81],"have":[82],"identical":[83],"properties.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"testing":[86,113,125,145],"becomes":[87],"necessary":[88],"screen":[90],"out":[91],"violate":[94],"the":[95,110,122],"above":[96],"property.":[97],"Despite":[98],"decades":[99],"research":[101],"PUFs,":[103],"has":[105],"been":[106],"scant":[107],"attention":[108],"problem":[111,123],"uniqueness.":[116],"In":[117],"this":[118],"paper,":[119],"we":[120,130],"investigate":[121],"uniqueness":[128],"propose":[131],"techniques":[132],"Uniqueness":[134],"testing.":[135],"The":[136],"proposed":[137],"methods":[138],"low-cost":[140],"tailored":[143],"using":[147],"testers.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}