{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126776497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","title":"Hierarchical dynamic power management using model-free reinforcement learning","display_name":"Hierarchical dynamic power management using model-free reinforcement learning","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126776497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","mag":"2126776497"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651384","display_name":"Yanzhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074278474","display_name":"Maryam Triki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42731748","display_name":"National Institute of Applied Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qn2rd91","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42731748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Triki","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of the Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of the Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42731748","https://openalex.org/I179097149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101695982","display_name":"Xue Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4971-1375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055682196","display_name":"Ahmed Chiheb Ammari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-1624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179097149","display_name":"University of Carthage","ror":"https://ror.org/057x6za15","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179097149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42731748","display_name":"National Institute of Applied Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qn2rd91","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42731748"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Ammari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department ofElec. & Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","National InstItute of the Apphed Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department ofElec. & Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National InstItute of the Apphed Sciences and Technology (INSAT), Carthage University, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42731748","https://openalex.org/I179097149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044650311","display_name":"Massoud Pedram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Pedram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department .of Electrical En(\u00c7\u00c7+ineeri.ng, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100651384"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7197,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76318725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"170","last_page":"177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8434948325157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7528468370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6460686326026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5950472950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5942125916481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5435578227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.528647243976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-management","display_name":"Power management","score":0.500840425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.4499727487564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4225011467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35409343242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35061222314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.34636056423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3381689190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15461206436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1250651478767395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8434948325157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7528468370437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6460686326026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5950472950935364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5942125916481018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5435578227043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.528647243976593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778774385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4437810","display_name":"Power management","level":3,"score":0.500840425491333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.4499727487564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4225011467933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35409343242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35061222314834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.34636056423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3381689190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15461206436157227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1250651478767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isqed.2013.6523606","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://atrak.usc.edu/~massoud/Papers/Hier-RL-DPM-isqed13.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W2020142038","https://openalex.org/W2053784242","https://openalex.org/W2065533779","https://openalex.org/W2109095340","https://openalex.org/W2119174988","https://openalex.org/W2120574713","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2124086785","https://openalex.org/W2126940339","https://openalex.org/W2128369355","https://openalex.org/W2134568800","https://openalex.org/W2136244995","https://openalex.org/W2138584505","https://openalex.org/W2146510091","https://openalex.org/W2153947321","https://openalex.org/W2163589061","https://openalex.org/W3142789563","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4242653504","https://openalex.org/W6678076535","https://openalex.org/W6682802936","https://openalex.org/W6684212521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532","https://openalex.org/W2155063924","https://openalex.org/W1604605630","https://openalex.org/W4236555467","https://openalex.org/W2008937153","https://openalex.org/W1642255152","https://openalex.org/W2000162505","https://openalex.org/W2069596239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model-free":[0],"reinforcement":[1],"learning":[2,133],"(RL)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,11,65,115,206],"promising":[7],"technique":[8,102],"for":[9,56,139,147],"designing":[10],"robust":[12],"dynamic":[13],"power":[14,46,87,95,111,118,125,184,191,216],"management":[15,47],"(DPM)":[16],"framework":[17],"that":[18,25,211],"can":[19,157,200],"cope":[20],"with":[21,166],"variations":[22],"and":[23,29,68,114,126,142,192],"uncertainties":[24],"emanate":[26],"from":[27],"hardware":[28],"application":[30,199],"characteristics.":[31],"Moreover,":[32],"the":[33,44,84,93,160,167,177,212],"potentially":[34],"significant":[35],"benefit":[36],"of":[37,43,64,104,155,195,198,214],"performing":[38],"application-level":[39,173],"scheduling":[40],"as":[41],"part":[42],"system-level":[45,116],"should":[48],"be":[49,201],"harnessed.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"an":[54,60,107,148],"architecture":[55],"hierarchical":[57,188],"DPM":[58,101,189],"in":[59,83,150,159],"embedded":[61,161],"system":[62,75,85],"composed":[63],"processor":[66],"chip":[67],"connected":[69],"I/O":[70],"devices":[71],"(which":[72],"are":[73],"called":[74],"components.)":[76],"The":[77,97,121,163],"goal":[78],"is":[79,144,218],"to":[80,91,170,179,220,223],"facilitate":[81],"saving":[82,217],"component":[86,124,183],"consumption,":[88],"which":[89,151],"tends":[90],"dominate":[92],"total":[94],"consumption.":[96],"proposed":[98],"(online)":[99],"adaptive":[100],"consists":[103],"two":[105],"layers:":[106],"RL-based":[108],"component-level":[109],"local":[110],"manager":[112,119],"(LPM)":[113],"global":[117],"(GPM).":[120],"LPM":[122,178],"performs":[123],"latency":[127,193],"optimization.":[128],"It":[129],"employs":[130],"temporal":[131],"difference":[132],"on":[134,205],"semi-Markov":[135],"decision":[136],"process":[137],"(SMDP)":[138],"model-free":[140],"RL,":[141],"it":[143],"specifically":[145],"optimized":[146],"environment":[149],"multiple":[152],"(heterogeneous)":[153],"types":[154],"applications":[156],"run":[158],"system.":[162],"GPM":[164],"interacts":[165],"CPU":[168],"scheduler":[169],"perform":[171],"effective":[172],"scheduling,":[174],"thereby,":[175],"enabling":[176],"do":[180],"even":[181],"more":[182],"optimizations.":[185],"In":[186],"this":[187],"framework,":[190],"tradeoffs":[194],"each":[196],"type":[197],"precisely":[202],"controlled":[203],"based":[204],"user-defined":[207],"parameter.":[208],"Experiments":[209],"show":[210],"amount":[213],"average":[215],"up":[219],"31.1%":[221],"compared":[222],"existing":[224],"approaches.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
