{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054589004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","title":"ISA-independent workload characterization and its implications for specialized architectures","display_name":"ISA-independent workload characterization and its implications for specialized architectures","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054589004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","mag":"2054589004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008683881","display_name":"Yakun Sophia Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yakun Sophia Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA","HARVARD Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HARVARD Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026496503","display_name":"David Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-7889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801851002","display_name":"Harvard University Press","ror":"https://ror.org/006v7bf86","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, USA","HARVARD Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HARVARD Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801851002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96181672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"245","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8584228754043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8138072490692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6460344195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5099285840988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.49676042795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.49032095074653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.4631900489330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45765388011932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.42918825149536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4174345135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20669883489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17054659128189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11626899242401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08966806530952454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8584228754043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8138072490692139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6460344195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5099285840988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49676042795181274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.49032095074653625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.4631900489330292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45765388011932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42918825149536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4174345135688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20669883489608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17054659128189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11626899242401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08966806530952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispass.2013.6557175","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (ISPASS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.367.4832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.367.4832","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~shao/papers/shao2013-ispass.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964471912","https://openalex.org/W1966887831","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2028261441","https://openalex.org/W2037554692","https://openalex.org/W2130408605","https://openalex.org/W2134633067","https://openalex.org/W2153331583","https://openalex.org/W2153456949","https://openalex.org/W2157363595","https://openalex.org/W2164568582","https://openalex.org/W2164715417","https://openalex.org/W2164821985","https://openalex.org/W2167786944","https://openalex.org/W2534461193","https://openalex.org/W2972412786","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W4236433846","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4240609878","https://openalex.org/W4249518003","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6684887918","https://openalex.org/W6767985965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3215381467","https://openalex.org/W4301207796","https://openalex.org/W2915956107","https://openalex.org/W1992604140","https://openalex.org/W1990800384","https://openalex.org/W2766023593","https://openalex.org/W2463487949","https://openalex.org/W4386211790","https://openalex.org/W4388466106","https://openalex.org/W2053400496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specialized":[0],"architectures":[1,20,37,108],"will":[2],"become":[3],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5,58],"as":[6],"the":[7,33,94,100],"computing":[8],"industry":[9],"demands":[10],"more":[11],"energy-efficient":[12],"designs.":[13],"The":[14,69],"application-centric":[15],"design":[16],"style":[17],"for":[18,54],"these":[19,36],"is":[21,71],"heavily":[22],"dependent":[23],"on":[24],"workload":[25,52,112],"characterization":[26,53,113],"of":[27,57,93,106],"intrinsic":[28,59],"program":[29,60],"characteristics,":[30],"but":[31],"at":[32],"same":[34],"time":[35],"are":[38,96],"likely":[39],"to":[40,63,99],"be":[41],"decoupled":[42],"from":[43],"legacy":[44],"ISAs.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47,83],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"perform":[50],"ISA-independent":[51,79,111],"a":[55,74],"variety":[56],"characteristics":[61],"relating":[62],"computation,":[64],"memory,":[65],"and":[66,89],"control":[67],"flow.":[68],"analysis":[70,84],"performed":[72],"using":[73],"JIT":[75],"compiler":[76],"that":[77,91,104],"emits":[78],"instructions.":[80],"We":[81,102],"compare":[82],"with":[85],"an":[86],"x86":[87],"trace":[88],"find":[90],"several":[92],"analyses":[95],"highly":[97],"sensitive":[98],"ISA.":[101],"conclude":[103],"designers":[105],"specialized":[107],"must":[109],"adopt":[110],"approaches.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}