{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200472174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116","title":"Defect Classification System for Ski Goggle Lens","display_name":"Defect Classification System for Ski Goggle Lens","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200472174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605678","display_name":"2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087079154","display_name":"Dinh-Thuan Dang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dinh-Thuan Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072250669","display_name":"Jing-Wein Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8585-642X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154394","display_name":"National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00hfj7g70","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Wein Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photonics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394","https://openalex.org/I4387154394"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043692463","display_name":"Jiann-Shu Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134793997","display_name":"National University of Tainan","ror":"https://ror.org/020pqc882","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134793997"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Shu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National University of Tainan, Tainan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134793997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067003662","display_name":"Chou-Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-3856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chou-Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087079154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154394"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5403423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13176","display_name":"Winter Sports Injuries and Performance","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9279999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.925000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7570106983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scratch","display_name":"Scratch","score":0.7106577157974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6343991160392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.537461519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5242198705673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5082358717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.47625207901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42849308252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4228883981704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37212055921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3230019211769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17909392714500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15143480896949768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7570106983184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781235140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275131","display_name":"Scratch","level":2,"score":0.7106577157974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6343991160392761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.537461519241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5242198705673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5082358717918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47625207901000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42849308252334595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4228883981704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37212055921554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3230019211769104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17909392714500427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15143480896949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs51563.2021.9651116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605678","display_name":"2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2996093627","https://openalex.org/W3100321043","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3171873561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2475116013","https://openalex.org/W2066741154","https://openalex.org/W2770018148","https://openalex.org/W2358308169","https://openalex.org/W2385135707","https://openalex.org/W2140315382","https://openalex.org/W2059109728","https://openalex.org/W2082556335","https://openalex.org/W322691623","https://openalex.org/W2494989134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,16,29],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,20,33],"build":[4],"the":[5,17,22,30,35,58,60,67,76],"defect":[6],"classification":[7,36,71],"system":[8],"for":[9,42],"ski":[10],"goggle":[11],"lenses":[12],"with":[13],"machine":[14,40],"learning.":[15],"first":[18],"step,":[19,32],"establish":[21],"image":[23],"capturing":[24],"model":[25,37],"and":[26,53],"data":[27],"annotation.":[28],"next":[31],"apply":[34],"based":[38],"on":[39],"learning":[41],"classifying":[43],"defects":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"scratch,":[47],"watermark,":[48],"spotlight,":[49],"border,":[50],"stain,":[51],"dust-line,":[52],"dust-spot.":[54],"Besides,":[55],"to":[56],"increase":[57],"performance,":[59],"augmentation":[61],"method":[62],"is":[63,79],"also":[64],"applied":[65],"in":[66],"training":[68],"process.":[69],"The":[70],"rate":[72],"achieves":[73],"94.34%,":[74],"while":[75],"running":[77],"time":[78],"short.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
