{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2574191941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","title":"Automated detection of exudates using histogram analysis for Digital Retinal Images","display_name":"Automated detection of exudates using histogram analysis for Digital Retinal Images","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2574191941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","mag":"2574191941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036311756","display_name":"Khin Yadanar Win","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-9475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khin Yadanar Win","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028879782","display_name":"Somsak Choomchuay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91538806","display_name":"King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang","ror":"https://ror.org/055mf0v62","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somsak Choomchuay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036311756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91538806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86272398,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-disc","display_name":"Optic disc","score":0.786163866519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.7570638656616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.7388632297515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.7255377769470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6739245653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.6374507546424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5859482288360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5774029493331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5558357238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-histogram-equalization","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","score":0.5149305462837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.5022733211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"Blindness","score":0.4437214136123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-nerve","display_name":"Optic nerve","score":0.43401193618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.42367085814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.3869134187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3710073232650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.25112542510032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23975101113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.2324140965938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.17331621050834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1560082733631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09977319836616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09887051582336426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779735895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16873995","display_name":"Optic disc","level":3,"score":0.786163866519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.7570638656616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.7388632297515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.7255377769470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6739245653152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.6374507546424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5859482288360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774029493331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5558357238769531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30387639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680744","display_name":"Adaptive histogram equalization","level":5,"score":0.5149305462837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5022733211517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780929884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Blindness","level":2,"score":0.4437214136123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780837183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186029","display_name":"Optic nerve","level":2,"score":0.43401193618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.42367085814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3869134187698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3710073232650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.25112542510032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23975101113319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.2324140965938568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.17331621050834656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1560082733631134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09977319836616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09887051582336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2016.7824768","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323032","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1949479385","https://openalex.org/W2033108359","https://openalex.org/W2086106167","https://openalex.org/W2093445413","https://openalex.org/W2097564701","https://openalex.org/W2104324599","https://openalex.org/W2127322315","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2299510821","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6697498197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W186551422","https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W2910297572","https://openalex.org/W4319781082","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W1978917654","https://openalex.org/W2130693601","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1,51],"is":[2,26,41,100,176],"one":[3,27],"of":[4,28,32,48,106,118,159],"the":[5,22,29,46,61,80,85,104,107,116,119,129,150,157,173],"serious":[6],"vision-threating":[7],"diabetes":[8],"complications":[9],"which":[10,88],"can":[11,112,123],"even":[12],"lead":[13],"to":[14,59,102],"blindness":[15],"if":[16],"not":[17],"diagnosed":[18],"and":[19,64,138,163,179,184],"cured":[20],"at":[21],"early":[23,30],"stage.":[24],"Exudate":[25],"sign":[31],"diabetic":[33,50],"retinopathy.":[34],"Hence,":[35],"proper":[36],"method":[37,155],"for":[38,148,166,181],"exudates":[39,66,96,122,171],"detection":[40],"very":[42],"useful":[43],"step":[44],"in":[45,84],"screening":[47],"computer-aided":[49],"systems.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"an":[56],"automatic":[57],"algorithm":[58,72],"localize":[60,103],"optic":[62,108,120,167],"disc":[63,77,109,168],"detect":[65],"from":[67,143],"fundus":[68,141],"retinal":[69,140],"images.":[70],"The":[71,134,153],"uses":[73],"histogram":[74,130],"information.":[75],"Optic":[76],"occurs":[78],"as":[79],"bright":[81],"yellowish":[82],"region":[83],"retina":[86],"image,":[87],"resembles":[89],"exudates.":[90],"It":[91],"must":[92],"be":[93,113,124],"eliminated":[94],"before":[95,110],"detection.":[97,169],"Therefore,":[98],"it":[99,111],"necessary":[101],"center":[105],"eliminated.":[114],"Without":[115],"presence":[117],"disc,":[121],"detected":[125],"easily":[126],"by":[127],"using":[128],"based":[131],"thresholding":[132],"technique.":[133],"DRIVE,":[135,182],"DIARECTDB1,":[136],"STARE,":[137],"325":[139],"images":[142],"local":[144,185],"dataset":[145,186],"are":[146],"examined":[147],"evaluating":[149],"proposed":[151,154],"algorithm.":[152],"achieved":[156],"accuracy":[158],"100%,":[160],"96%,":[161],"93%,":[162],"97%":[164],"respectively":[165],"For":[170],"detection,":[172],"accurate":[174],"rate":[175],"99%,":[177],"90%,":[178],"89%":[180],"DIARECTDB1":[183],"respectively.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}