{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022252596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","title":"Real-time face detection using Gentle AdaBoost algorithm and nesting cascade structure","display_name":"Real-time face detection using Gentle AdaBoost algorithm and nesting cascade structure","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022252596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","mag":"2022252596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033119978","display_name":"Jianqing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-qing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114170545","display_name":"Canhui Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can-hui Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.891977846622467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.766316294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.747137188911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7316480278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6774988174438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6642711162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6498329639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5987361073493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.579770565032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-like-features","display_name":"Haar-like features","score":0.4688115417957306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46474310755729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4157135486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.36332279443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.13873684406280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09279313683509827}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.891977846622467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.766316294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.747137188911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7316480278968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6774988174438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6642711162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6498329639434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5987361073493958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.579770565032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123134398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493819","display_name":"Haar-like features","level":5,"score":0.4688115417957306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46474310755729675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4157135486602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.36332279443740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.13873684406280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09279313683509827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2012.6473448","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1825459403","https://openalex.org/W1993261271","https://openalex.org/W2024046085","https://openalex.org/W2032210760","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2104577112","https://openalex.org/W2112076978","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2162319643","https://openalex.org/W2168572310","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3214102110","https://openalex.org/W4244952642","https://openalex.org/W6638644366","https://openalex.org/W6676769703","https://openalex.org/W6685213612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970925716","https://openalex.org/W1560709653","https://openalex.org/W1575861008","https://openalex.org/W2363386497","https://openalex.org/W4379875226","https://openalex.org/W2149495871","https://openalex.org/W2294130405","https://openalex.org/W2063332791","https://openalex.org/W4318606103","https://openalex.org/W2391164842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,41],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,30,54],"face":[4,37,69,74,119,130,139],"detector":[5,75,120],"based":[6],"on":[7,53],"Gentle":[8,44],"AdaBoost":[9,45],"algorithm":[10,46,85],"and":[11,98,132],"nesting":[12],"cascade":[13,18,31,42],"structure":[14,19],"is":[15,20,47,76,125],"proposed.":[16],"Nesting":[17],"introduced":[21],"to":[22,49,58,127],"avoid":[23],"that":[24,82],"too":[25],"many":[26],"weak":[27,92],"classifiers":[28,52],"in":[29],"classifier":[32],"will":[33],"slow":[34],"down":[35],"the":[36,60,64,68,73,83,89,95,101,107,112,117,128,135],"detection":[38,70,96,102,114],"speed":[39,115],"of":[40,63,72,91,116,137],"classifier.":[43,66],"used":[48],"train":[50],"node":[51,65],"Haar-like":[55],"feature":[56],"set":[57],"improve":[59],"generalization":[61],"ability":[62],"Consequently,":[67],"performance":[71],"improved.":[77],"Experimental":[78],"results":[79],"have":[80],"proved":[81],"proposed":[84,118],"can":[86,121],"significantly":[87],"reduce":[88],"number":[90],"classifiers,":[93],"increase":[94],"speed,":[97],"slightly":[99],"raise":[100],"accuracy":[103],"as":[104],"well.":[105],"On":[106],"CIF":[108],"(352\u00d7288)":[109],"video":[110],"sequences,":[111],"average":[113],"achieve":[122],"125fps,":[123],"which":[124],"superior":[126],"state-of-the-art":[129],"detectors":[131],"completely":[133],"satisfies":[134],"demand":[136],"real-time":[138],"detection.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}