{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204241363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","title":"Robust Deep Simple Online Real-Time Tracking","display_name":"Robust Deep Simple Online Real-Time Tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204241363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","mag":"3204241363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00728/83972/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073852547","display_name":"Abdelbadie Belmouhcine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-6669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154202486","display_name":"Ifremer","ror":"https://ror.org/044jxhp58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802204017","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/04ed7fw48","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802204017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelbadie Belmouhcine","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTBH - IRISA IFREMER - Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer","Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTBH - IRISA IFREMER - Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154202486","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086151708","display_name":"Julien Simon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154202486","display_name":"Ifremer","ror":"https://ror.org/044jxhp58","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["LTBH IFREMER, Lorient, France","Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LTBH IFREMER, Lorient, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Fran\u00e7ais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108103248","display_name":"Luc Courtrai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802204017","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/04ed7fw48","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802204017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Courtrai","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRISA Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRISA Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024171000","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Lef\u00e8vre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-8202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802204017","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/04ed7fw48","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802204017"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastien Lefevre","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRISA Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRISA Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Observation de l\u2019environnement par imagerie complexe","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.191,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51515345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"138","last_page":"144"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7851430177688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7765903472900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.645753026008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.5578594207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.4987185001373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.4834333658218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.48112979531288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.46815136075019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42894482612609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.1627529263496399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7851430177688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7765903472900391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.645753026008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.5578594207763672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.4987185001373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.4834333658218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.48112979531288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.46815136075019836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42894482612609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.1627529263496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ispa52656.2021.9552062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 12th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03379508v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03379508","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPA 2021 -12th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, Sep 2021, Zagreb, Croatia. pp.138-144, &#x27E8;10.1109/ISPA52656.2021.9552062&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:83972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00728/83972/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196267","display_name":"Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154202486","host_organization_name":"Ifremer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Of The 12th International Symposium On Image And Signal Processing And Analysis (ispa 2021) (1845-5921), 2021 , P. 138-144","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archimer.ifremer.fr:83972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00728/83972/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196267","display_name":"Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154202486","host_organization_name":"Ifremer","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154202486"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Of The 12th International Symposium On Image And Signal Processing And Analysis (ispa 2021) (1845-5921), 2021 , P. 138-144","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2095725138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18/2216442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337808","funder_display_name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337808","display_name":"European Maritime and Fisheries Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521019969","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1540596182","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2070019681","https://openalex.org/W2097546612","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2520433280","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2804078698","https://openalex.org/W2936319395","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2962766617","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3091905774","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W4295331127","https://openalex.org/W6632267817","https://openalex.org/W6752378368","https://openalex.org/W6762718338"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382795578","https://openalex.org/W2355463328","https://openalex.org/W2402648945","https://openalex.org/W1431147547","https://openalex.org/W2771741613","https://openalex.org/W2055761197","https://openalex.org/W2053213469","https://openalex.org/W2057608111","https://openalex.org/W2793032185","https://openalex.org/W939486154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Simple":[0],"Online":[1],"and":[2,6,14,26,41,64,70,80,110,128,144,181,193,199],"Real-time":[3],"Tracking":[4],"(SORT)":[5],"its":[7],"deep":[8,90],"extension":[9],"(DeepSORT)":[10],"are":[11,24],"simple,":[12],"fast,":[13],"effective":[15],"multi-object":[16],"tracking":[17,48,67,180,198],"by":[18,102],"detection":[19,91,122],"frameworks.":[20],"Their":[21],"main":[22],"strengths":[23],"simplicity":[25,206],"speed.":[27],"However,":[28],"they":[29],"still":[30],"suffer":[31],"from":[32,50,151],"some":[33],"problems,":[34],"such":[35,56],"as":[36,57],"identity":[37,191],"switch,":[38],"instance":[39],"merge,":[40],"many":[42],"false":[43,126],"positives,":[44],"which":[45],"prevent":[46],"the":[47,66,75,81,89,95,99,104,107,111,205,208],"results":[49,185],"being":[51],"used":[52,119],"for":[53],"subsequent":[54],"tasks":[55],"counting.":[58,182],"In":[59,72],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,87,155],"strengthen":[63],"improve":[65],"using":[68,142],"EfficientDet":[69,143],"DeepSORT.":[71,210],"our":[73],"approach,":[74],"motion":[76,97],"prediction":[77],"uses":[78,84],"appearance,":[79],"appearance":[82],"embedding":[83],"location.":[85],"First,":[86],"modify":[88],"network":[92],"to":[93,120,123,147,172],"predict":[94],"objects'":[96],"in":[98],"next":[100,112],"frame":[101],"leveraging":[103],"attention":[105,145],"between":[106,137],"current":[108],"image":[109],"image.":[113],"Second,":[114],"an":[115],"appearance-based":[116],"metric":[117,131],"is":[118,132],"associate":[121],"tracks":[124,160],"after":[125],"negatives":[127],"occlusion.":[129],"This":[130],"a":[133,162,173],"learned":[134],"Mahalanobis":[135],"distance":[136],"two":[138],"feature":[139],"descriptors":[140],"constructed":[141],"given":[146],"regions":[148],"of":[149,165,207],"interest":[150],"their":[152],"images.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"count":[156],"only":[157],"high":[158],"confidence":[159],"having":[161],"minimum":[163],"frequency":[164],"apparition.":[166],"Our":[167,183],"approach":[168],"has":[169],"been":[170],"applied":[171],"challenging":[174],"real-life":[175],"problem,":[176],"namely":[177],"seabed":[178],"species":[179],"experimental":[184],"show":[186],"that":[187],"Robust":[188],"DeepSORT":[189],"reduces":[190],"switches":[192],"merges.":[194],"Thus,":[195],"it":[196],"improves":[197],"counting":[200],"evaluation":[201],"measures":[202],"while":[203],"keeping":[204],"origlnal":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-02T14:50:37.381335","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
