{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216111572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","title":"LSMQ: A Layer-Wise Sensitivity-Based Mixed-Precision Quantization Method for Bit-Flexible CNN Accelerator","display_name":"LSMQ: A Layer-Wise Sensitivity-Based Mixed-Precision Quantization Method for Bit-Flexible CNN Accelerator","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216111572","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","mag":"3216111572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020782081","display_name":"Yimin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4348-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438001","display_name":"Kai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2587-6028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001374364","display_name":"Zhuang Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-5727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuang Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080870367","display_name":"Yichuan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8895-1780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichuan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101416178","display_name":"Yafeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9591-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084816122","display_name":"Yuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039665206","display_name":"Li Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2687-6978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696999","display_name":"Zhongfeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7227-4786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76863622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"256","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.8088998794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6685145497322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6617760062217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6113259792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5959576368331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5689928531646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30068540573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.1749001145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08850443363189697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.8088998794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6685145497322083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6617760062217712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6113259792327881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5959576368331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5689928531646729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30068540573120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.1749001145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08850443363189697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613969","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 18th International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2896778017","https://openalex.org/W2982479999","https://openalex.org/W3034940165","https://openalex.org/W3176483701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W4231775656","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W2046435967","https://openalex.org/W2181413294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Model":[0],"quantization":[1],"is":[2,30,122,129],"a":[3,46,81,90],"prevailing":[4],"way":[5],"to":[6,17,32],"accelerate":[7],"convolutional":[8],"neural":[9],"network":[10],"(CNN).":[11],"Quantization":[12],"with":[13,72,100,133],"mixed":[14],"precision":[15,74],"tends":[16],"compress":[18],"the":[19,25,34,56,63,77,112,119,126],"model":[20,127],"better":[21],"and":[22,80],"further":[23],"improves":[24],"computation":[26],"efficiency.":[27],"However,":[28],"it":[29],"challenging":[31],"identify":[33],"optimal":[35],"bit":[36,102],"width":[37],"for":[38,115],"each":[39,59,66],"layer.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,88],"proposed":[45],"mixed-precision":[47,105],"quantization(LSMQ)":[48],"method":[49,121],"based":[50,117],"on":[51,108,118],"layer-wise":[52],"sensitivity.":[53],"We":[54],"calculated":[55],"sensitivity":[57,78],"of":[58,65],"layer":[60,67],"first,":[61],"then":[62],"weight":[64],"would":[68],"be":[69],"automatically":[70],"quantized":[71],"unique":[73],"determined":[75],"by":[76],"ranking":[79],"valid":[82],"search":[83],"strategy":[84],"without":[85],"retraining.":[86],"Moreover,":[87],"presented":[89],"bit-flexible":[91],"CNN":[92],"accelerator":[93],"that":[94,111],"can":[95],"efficiently":[96],"support":[97],"data":[98],"operations":[99],"varying":[101],"widths":[103],"after":[104],"quantization.":[106],"Experiment":[107],"LSMQ":[109,120],"shows":[110],"top-1":[113],"accuracy":[114],"VGG16":[116],"7.31%":[123],"higher,":[124],"while":[125],"size":[128],"3.4%":[130],"smaller":[131],"compared":[132],"previous":[134],"work.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}