{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389041725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642","title":"Explainability of Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Survey","display_name":"Explainability of Artificial Intelligence Systems: A Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389041725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078000203","display_name":"Mazharul Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-6140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazharul Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis,Dept. of Computer Science,Memphis,USA","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-6140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis,Dept. of Computer Science,Memphis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694872","display_name":"Saikat Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-8259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197572798","display_name":"Utah Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxpxc98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saikat Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Valley University,Dept. of Computer Science,Orem,USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Utah Valley University, Orem, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-8259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Valley University,Dept. of Computer Science,Orem,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Utah Valley University, Orem, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083732030","display_name":"Bhargavi Krishnamurthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153738","display_name":"Siddaganga Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wd8c661","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153738"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I510634243","display_name":"Sri Siddhartha Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01zemh668","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386631","https://openalex.org/I510634243"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhargavi Krishnamurthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siddaganga Institute of Technology,Dept. of Computer Science,Tumakuru,Karnataka,India","Dept. of Computer Science, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siddaganga Institute of Technology,Dept. of Computer Science,Tumakuru,Karnataka,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I510634243","https://openalex.org/I4387153738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012148704","display_name":"Sajjan G. Shiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3996-7484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjan G Shiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis,Dept. of Computer Science,Memphis,USA","Dept. of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis,Dept. of Computer Science,Memphis,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66518811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9122423529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.7118825912475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7076359987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6854590773582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5879266858100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.549072802066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.532412052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.5013642311096191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.480745792388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09386071562767029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9122423529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7118825912475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7076359987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6854590773582458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5879266858100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.549072802066803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.532412052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.5013642311096191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.480745792388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09386071562767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc58260.2023.10323642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2014181466","https://openalex.org/W2332488709","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2905409531","https://openalex.org/W2945526235","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2962883557","https://openalex.org/W2963095307","https://openalex.org/W2963749936","https://openalex.org/W2975495759","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W3022216559","https://openalex.org/W3046238651","https://openalex.org/W3105666955","https://openalex.org/W3130503102","https://openalex.org/W3133543405","https://openalex.org/W3133902371","https://openalex.org/W3186703339","https://openalex.org/W4200048988","https://openalex.org/W4206129140","https://openalex.org/W4226026805","https://openalex.org/W4286432986","https://openalex.org/W4293861706","https://openalex.org/W4321786089","https://openalex.org/W4386257478","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6739575509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W2806259446","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W3198576301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(ML)":[3],"algorithms":[4],"consistently":[5],"outperform":[6],"traditional":[7],"ML":[8,41,109,124,149],"models,":[9],"yielding":[10],"significantly":[11],"improved":[12,146],"results.":[13],"Furthermore,":[14],"these":[15],"complex":[16,40,108],"system":[17,125,150],"uses":[18],"large":[19],"amounts":[20],"of":[21,65,105,141],"data":[22],"with":[23],"many":[24],"features":[25],"to":[26,36,58,61,75,130,157],"train,":[27],"increasing":[28],"their":[29,49,77],"predictive":[30],"power":[31],"but":[32],"reducing":[33],"our":[34,147],"ability":[35],"explain":[37],"them.":[38],"Thus,":[39,114],"models":[42],"primarily":[43],"operate":[44],"like":[45],"black":[46],"boxes.":[47],"Explaining":[48],"inference":[50],"processes":[51],"and":[52,80,89,101,143,145],"predictions":[53],"poses":[54],"a":[55,69,84],"challenge":[56],"due":[57],"the":[59,103,122],"necessity":[60],"account":[62],"for":[63,107,154],"millions":[64],"interacting":[66],"weights":[67],"in":[68,115],"complicated":[70],"way.":[71],"Still,":[72],"we":[73,119],"need":[74],"clarify":[76],"inner":[78],"workings":[79],"procedures,":[81],"as":[82,97],"understanding":[83],"model":[85],"can":[86],"improve":[87],"transparency":[88],"promote":[90],"trustworthiness.":[91,159],"Therefore,":[92],"\u2018Explainability\u2019":[93],"assumes":[94],"pivotal":[95],"importance,":[96],"it":[98],"enhances":[99],"accuracy":[100],"broadens":[102],"scope":[104],"applicability":[106],"methods":[110,140],"within":[111],"critical":[112],"domains.":[113],"this":[116],"review":[117],"paper,":[118],"have":[120],"investigated":[121],"complete":[123],"development":[126,151],"lifecycle,":[127],"compiled":[128],"recommendations":[129],"cover":[131],"explainability":[132],"gaps":[133],"from":[134],"diverse":[135],"literature":[136],"sources,":[137],"listed":[138],"different":[139],"interpretability":[142],"explainability,":[144],"explainability-augmented":[148],"life":[152],"cycle":[153],"all":[155],"stakeholders":[156],"enhance":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}