{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216406364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","title":"Characterising the Impact of Antenna Beamwidth on the Performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Millimetre Wave Communication","display_name":"Characterising the Impact of Antenna Beamwidth on the Performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Millimetre Wave Communication","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216406364","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","mag":"3216406364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5d0b3c5b-ad06-40a1-a49a-b33d491af16b","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066021549","display_name":"Khalid A Al Mallak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid A. Al Mallak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017186245","display_name":"Manish Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-8913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manish Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109527094","display_name":"Geoffrey Hilton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Hilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Bristol (UoB), Bristol, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089089289","display_name":"Tian Hong Loh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian H. Loh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081159321","display_name":"Mark A Beach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark A Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066021549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5281053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.9611841440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.7221088409423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.6380304098129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5944464206695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.56753009557724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-height-considerations","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","score":0.5528676509857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.5292282104492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48087623715400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.44114816188812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43772631883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4341147541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4263764023780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3548165559768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3323063850402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19126513600349426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.9611841440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.7221088409423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.6380304098129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5944464206695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.56753009557724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155050386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068623","display_name":"Antenna height considerations","level":3,"score":0.5528676509857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.5292282104492188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48087623715400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.44114816188812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43772631883621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4341147541999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4263764023780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3548165559768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3323063850402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19126513600349426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/5d0b3c5b-ad06-40a1-a49a-b33d491af16b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5d0b3c5b-ad06-40a1-a49a-b33d491af16b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al Mallak, K A, Nair, M, Hilton, G, Loh, T H & Beach, M A 2021, 'Characterising the Impact of Antenna Beamwidth on the Performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Millimetre Wave Communication'. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615843","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/5d0b3c5b-ad06-40a1-a49a-b33d491af16b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/5d0b3c5b-ad06-40a1-a49a-b33d491af16b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al Mallak, K A, Nair, M, Hilton, G, Loh, T H & Beach, M A 2021, 'Characterising the Impact of Antenna Beamwidth on the Performance of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Millimetre Wave Communication'. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615843","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048244603","https://openalex.org/W2283315805","https://openalex.org/W2343966791","https://openalex.org/W2566151859","https://openalex.org/W2792058823","https://openalex.org/W2871034735","https://openalex.org/W2914148186","https://openalex.org/W2921124002","https://openalex.org/W2961218121","https://openalex.org/W2963746545","https://openalex.org/W2970274275","https://openalex.org/W3004851612","https://openalex.org/W3049332994","https://openalex.org/W4239066252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391345524","https://openalex.org/W4318350280","https://openalex.org/W3162362331","https://openalex.org/W3143859274","https://openalex.org/W2885196243","https://openalex.org/W4386214573","https://openalex.org/W2044111460","https://openalex.org/W2245076695","https://openalex.org/W4238058439","https://openalex.org/W2182852027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicles":[1],"require":[2],"vehicle-to-vehicle":[3],"(V2V)":[4],"and":[5,11,40,127],"vehicle-to-infrastructure":[6],"(V2I)":[7],"communication.":[8],"Fifth-generation":[9],"(5G)":[10],"beyond":[12],"wireless":[13],"networks":[14],"enable":[15],"such":[16],"infrastructure":[17],"through":[18],"beamforming":[19],"techniques":[20],"at":[21],"millimetre-wave":[22],"(mm-wave)":[23],"frequencies.":[24],"This":[25,73],"paper":[26],"characterises":[27],"the":[28,34,41,45,56,64,70,80,102,108,125],"impact":[29],"of":[30,69,96,99],"antenna":[31,91,136],"beamwidth":[32,94],"on":[33],"Doppler":[35,58,71,76,81],"shift,":[36],"cross-polarisation":[37],"ratio":[38],"(XPR)":[39],"channel":[42,109,117,128],"attenuation":[43,110,129],"for":[44],"26GHz":[46],"mm-wave":[47,115],"V2I":[48],"line-of-sight":[49],"(LoS)":[50],"channel.":[51],"It":[52,83],"is":[53,61],"proven":[54],"that":[55,75,88],"received":[57],"power":[59,77,93],"spectrum":[60],"proportional":[62],"to":[63],"probability":[65],"density":[66],"function":[67],"(PDF)":[68],"Shift.":[72],"indicates":[74],"reduces":[78,101],"with":[79,118],"shift.":[82],"has":[84],"also":[85],"been":[86],"established":[87],"a":[89,114,122],"wider":[90],"half":[92],"(HPBW)":[95],"20\u00b0":[97],"instead":[98],"17\u00b0":[100],"XPR":[103,126],"by":[104,111,133],"20dB":[105],"whilst":[106],"increasing":[107],"10dB":[112],"in":[113],"LoS":[116],"dynamic":[119],"blockage.":[120],"Therefore,":[121],"trade-off":[123],"between":[124],"can":[130],"be":[131],"introduced":[132],"employing":[134],"different":[135],"HPBWs.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
