{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216426871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","title":"Enhancing IP Address Geocoding, Geolocating and Visualization for Digital Forensics","display_name":"Enhancing IP Address Geocoding, Geolocating and Visualization for Digital Forensics","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216426871","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","mag":"3216426871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003786037","display_name":"Mohammad Meraj Mirza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-3237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["SA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Meraj Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Taif University, Taif, Saudi, Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taif University, Taif, Saudi, Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084617949","display_name":"\u00dcmit Karabiyik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6760-259X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umit Karabiyik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0227,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77598404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8137984275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-forensics","display_name":"Digital forensics","score":0.6676133871078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-forensics","display_name":"Network forensics","score":0.6645826101303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.601459801197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5751571655273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.5691327452659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.49166613817214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47148939967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4640236496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.4506087005138397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4157538414001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3794625997543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2984762191772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21521204710006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.18114814162254333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8137984275817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.6676133871078491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50747538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001032","display_name":"Network forensics","level":3,"score":0.6645826101303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.601459801197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5751571655273438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.5691327452659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.49166613817214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47148939967155457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4640236496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.4506087005138397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4157538414001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3794625997543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2984762191772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21521204710006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.18114814162254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc52172.2021.9615668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999738473","https://openalex.org/W2014966153","https://openalex.org/W2031533739","https://openalex.org/W2044439414","https://openalex.org/W2044448129","https://openalex.org/W2061535005","https://openalex.org/W2115819049","https://openalex.org/W2588377509","https://openalex.org/W2900605164","https://openalex.org/W2913135383","https://openalex.org/W2964146404","https://openalex.org/W2996791554","https://openalex.org/W3005140940","https://openalex.org/W3029400232","https://openalex.org/W3103123779","https://openalex.org/W3111869483","https://openalex.org/W4251391147","https://openalex.org/W4297667799","https://openalex.org/W6653969910","https://openalex.org/W6733506742","https://openalex.org/W6741502601","https://openalex.org/W6755505718","https://openalex.org/W6786905138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121070677","https://openalex.org/W2972427363","https://openalex.org/W2161391695","https://openalex.org/W4238452393","https://openalex.org/W1500698787","https://openalex.org/W188028618","https://openalex.org/W2489557937","https://openalex.org/W2111038567","https://openalex.org/W1970399788","https://openalex.org/W4385257722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Internet":[0,46],"Protocol":[1],"(IP)":[2],"address":[3],"holds":[4],"a":[5,19,95,103,112,198],"probative":[6],"value":[7],"to":[8,90,123,158,188,212],"the":[9,39,42,50,63,66,82,117,132,137,149,160,181,214],"identification":[10,64],"process":[11],"in":[12,25,61,105,111,126,148,165,216],"digital":[13,58,84,153,166],"forensics.":[14],"The":[15],"decimal":[16],"digit":[17],"is":[18,23,62,101],"unique":[20],"identifier":[21],"that":[22,41,52,79,130,203],"beneficial":[24],"many":[26],"investigations":[27],"(i.e.,":[28],"network,":[29],"email,":[30],"memory).":[31],"IP":[32,53,92,108,128,141,171,189,207],"addresses":[33,54,93,109,129,190,208],"can":[34,55,114,204],"reveal":[35,116],"important":[36],"information":[37],"regarding":[38],"device":[40],"user":[43,67],"uses":[44],"during":[45],"activity.":[47],"One":[48],"of":[49,65,81,139,151,162,177],"things":[51],"essentially":[56],"help":[57,115],"forensics":[59],"investigators":[60,125],"machine":[68],"and":[69,120,143,179],"tracing":[70],"evidence":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73],"network":[74],"artifacts.":[75],"Unfortunately,":[76],"it":[77],"appears":[78],"some":[80],"well-known":[83],"forensic":[85,97,167],"tools":[86],"only":[87],"provide":[88],"functions":[89],"recover":[91],"from":[94],"given":[96],"image.":[98],"Thus,":[99],"there":[100],"still":[102],"gap":[104,215],"answering":[106],"if":[107],"found":[110],"smartphone":[113],"user’s":[118,133],"location":[119],"be":[121],"used":[122],"aid":[124],"identifying":[127],"complement":[131],"physical":[134],"location.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"lack":[138],"utilizing":[140],"mapping":[142],"visualizing":[144],"techniques":[145],"has":[146],"resulted":[147],"omission":[150],"such":[152],"evidence.":[154],"This":[155],"research":[156,196],"aims":[157],"emphasize":[159],"importance":[161],"geolocation":[163],"data":[164],"investigations,":[168],"propose":[169],"an":[170],"visualization":[172],"technique":[173],"considering":[174],"several":[175],"sources":[176],"evidence,":[178],"enhance":[180],"investigation":[182],"process’s":[183],"speed":[184],"when":[185],"its":[186],"pertained":[187],"using":[191],"spatial":[192],"analysis.":[193],"Moreover,":[194],"this":[195,217],"proposes":[197],"proof-of-concept":[199],"(POC)":[200],"standalone":[201],"tool":[202],"match":[205],"critical":[206],"with":[209],"approximate":[210],"geolocations":[211],"fill":[213],"area.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}