{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115542474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","title":"Using Machine Learning to Locate Gateways in the Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks","display_name":"Using Machine Learning to Locate Gateways in the Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115542474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","mag":"3115542474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067224131","display_name":"Aizaz U. Chaudhry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-5604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aizaz U. Chaudhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081825479","display_name":"Mital Raithatha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mital Raithatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090655621","display_name":"Roshdy H. M. Hafez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5712-8687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshdy H.M. Hafez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052753072","display_name":"John W. Chinneck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8744-4653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Chinneck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53695919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8848456144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.660282552242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6092982888221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5815523862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4763774573802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.280581533908844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8848456144332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.660282552242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6092982888221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5815523862838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4763774573802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.280581533908844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc49221.2020.9297282","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177994846","https://openalex.org/W1575476631","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1680797894","https://openalex.org/W1965202969","https://openalex.org/W2029002936","https://openalex.org/W2029457126","https://openalex.org/W2102044567","https://openalex.org/W2106341192","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2150733433","https://openalex.org/W2161044775","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2173647194","https://openalex.org/W2191948661","https://openalex.org/W2212417331","https://openalex.org/W2381074797","https://openalex.org/W2398409936","https://openalex.org/W2427477319","https://openalex.org/W2600701399","https://openalex.org/W2784346547","https://openalex.org/W2798115135","https://openalex.org/W2800105610","https://openalex.org/W2809232864","https://openalex.org/W2886401709","https://openalex.org/W2901606777","https://openalex.org/W2922180563","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3104430066","https://openalex.org/W3106507206","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4255390251","https://openalex.org/W6634394891","https://openalex.org/W6748052968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2765089333","https://openalex.org/W4297311468","https://openalex.org/W2963440157","https://openalex.org/W2898650565","https://openalex.org/W2964194703","https://openalex.org/W2915882743","https://openalex.org/W2883068039","https://openalex.org/W2297074413","https://openalex.org/W2199202516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"distributed":[1],"wireless":[2],"backhaul":[3,71],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,38],"an":[7],"attractive":[8],"solution":[9],"for":[10],"forwarding":[11],"traffic":[12,62],"to":[13,37,42,56,63,96,148],"the":[14,43,77,102,141],"core":[15,44],"in":[16,125],"5G":[17],"Ultra-Dense":[18],"Networks":[19],"(UDNs).":[20],"It":[21],"consists":[22],"of":[23,27,33,80,105,127,130],"a":[24,31,112],"large":[25],"number":[26,79,104,129],"small":[28,52,117],"cells":[29],"and":[30,59,94,144],"few":[32],"these":[34],"cells,":[35],"referred":[36],"gateways,":[39],"are":[40],"linked":[41],"by":[45,75],"high":[46],"capacity":[47,73],"fiber":[48],"optic":[49],"links.":[50],"Each":[51],"cell":[53,118],"is":[54],"associated":[55],"one":[57],"gateway":[58,98],"forwards":[60],"its":[61],"it":[64],"directly":[65],"or":[66,149],"through":[67,120],"multiple":[68],"hops.":[69,81,106,131],"The":[70,132],"network":[72],"increases":[74],"decreasing":[76],"average":[78,103,128],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"consider":[86],"two":[87],"machine":[88],"learning-based":[89],"clustering":[90,137],"algorithms,":[91],"namely,":[92],"k-means":[93],"k-medoids,":[95],"find":[97],"locations":[99],"that":[100,135],"minimize":[101],"We":[107],"compare":[108],"their":[109],"performance":[110],"with":[111],"baseline":[113,142],"approach":[114,143],"at":[115],"different":[116],"densities":[119],"extensive":[121],"Monte":[122],"Carlo":[123],"simulations":[124],"terms":[126],"results":[133],"indicate":[134],"both":[136],"algorithms":[138],"significantly":[139],"outperform":[140],"k-medoids":[145],"performs":[146],"equal":[147],"better":[150],"than":[151],"k-means.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}