{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2901146358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","title":"Modelling Botnet Propagation in Networks with Layered Defences","display_name":"Modelling Botnet Propagation in Networks with Layered Defences","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2901146358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","mag":"2901146358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081367006","display_name":"Dilara Acarali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilara Acarali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059640195","display_name":"Muttukrishnan Rajarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-9922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muttukrishnan Rajarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007288843","display_name":"Nikos Komninos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-1283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","display_name":"City, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04489at23","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos Komninos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081367006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71346364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botnet","display_name":"Botnet","score":0.9610521793365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7975335121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.763275682926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5501051545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.535778284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5282617807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4912256598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3500633239746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.23894503712654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20873156189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12817856669425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08656036853790283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22735295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317671","display_name":"Botnet","level":3,"score":0.9610521793365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7975335121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.763275682926178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5501051545143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.535778284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5282617807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4912256598472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3500633239746094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.23894503712654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20873156189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12817856669425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08656036853790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isncc.2018.8530934","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1655456","https://openalex.org/W1582350176","https://openalex.org/W1881704565","https://openalex.org/W1966569311","https://openalex.org/W1969381345","https://openalex.org/W1992713826","https://openalex.org/W1999157275","https://openalex.org/W2030064403","https://openalex.org/W2030435604","https://openalex.org/W2039292858","https://openalex.org/W2054353417","https://openalex.org/W2112680994","https://openalex.org/W2124486211","https://openalex.org/W2148301044","https://openalex.org/W2409664136","https://openalex.org/W2422707135","https://openalex.org/W2461682897","https://openalex.org/W2497961231","https://openalex.org/W2513770602","https://openalex.org/W2624709535","https://openalex.org/W2735776271","https://openalex.org/W2775089140","https://openalex.org/W3098427309","https://openalex.org/W3098604306","https://openalex.org/W6600068801","https://openalex.org/W6717121390","https://openalex.org/W6746828555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294483539","https://openalex.org/W2378449000","https://openalex.org/W3187581118","https://openalex.org/W2938399969","https://openalex.org/W3143747655","https://openalex.org/W2002178493","https://openalex.org/W2901835651","https://openalex.org/W2929621094","https://openalex.org/W1996006176","https://openalex.org/W4285325964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Botnets":[0],"are":[1,50],"still":[2],"a":[3,11,24,51,102],"pertinent":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,33,37,54,58,114],"our":[7,133],"digital":[8],"infrastructure":[9],"and":[10,42,121,131],"central":[12],"topic":[13],"for":[14],"study":[15],"in":[16,56],"the":[17,21,27,30,67,77,98,106],"cyber-research":[18],"community.":[19],"At":[20],"start":[22],"of":[23,29,64,79,101,105],"botnet's":[25],"life,":[26],"aim":[28],"botmaster":[31],"is":[32],"achieve":[34],"enough":[35],"spread":[36,81],"make":[38],"their":[39],"botnet":[40],"functional":[41],"as":[43,45],"potent":[44],"possible.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"propagation":[48,73],"dynamics":[49],"vital":[52],"area":[53],"address":[55],"order":[57],"effectively":[59],"defend":[60],"against":[61],"this":[62,94,126],"type":[63],"malware.":[65],"Over":[66],"years,":[68],"there":[69],"have":[70],"been":[71],"many":[72],"models":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76],"principles":[78],"disease":[80],"but":[82],"these":[83],"often":[84],"do":[85],"not":[86],"take":[87],"specific":[88],"network":[89],"characteristics":[90],"into":[91],"account.":[92],"In":[93],"paper,":[95],"we":[96],"propose":[97],"novel":[99],"use":[100],"probabilistic":[103],"adaptation":[104],"SEIR":[107],"(Susceptible,":[108],"Exposed,":[109],"Infected,":[110],"Recovered)":[111],"model":[112],"applied":[113],"defence-in-depth":[115],"networks":[116],"with":[117],"heterogeneous":[118],"contact":[119],"rates":[120],"node":[122],"impact.":[123],"We":[124],"test":[125],"approach":[127],"through":[128],"numerical":[129],"simulation":[130],"discuss":[132],"findings.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}