{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2109073996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","title":"A Multi-level Cell for STT-MRAM with Biaxial Magnetic Tunnel Junction","display_name":"A Multi-level Cell for STT-MRAM with Biaxial Magnetic Tunnel Junction","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2109073996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","mag":"2109073996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012627350","display_name":"Aynaz Vatankhahghadim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aynaz Vatankhahghadim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077605824","display_name":"Ali Sheikholeslami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0970-6897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Sheikholeslami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012627350"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81037292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"158","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.9433246850967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-magnetoresistance","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","score":0.7253918647766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6177729964256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4297584295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2813132405281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.25610053539276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.18408942222595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.09351891279220581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9433246850967407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56202322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884383","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.7253918647766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6177729964256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4297584295272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2813132405281067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.25610053539276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.18408942222595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.09351891279220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2015.38","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W562905052","https://openalex.org/W1504258554","https://openalex.org/W1967302898","https://openalex.org/W1977072728","https://openalex.org/W1980034734","https://openalex.org/W1996418689","https://openalex.org/W2009942800","https://openalex.org/W2012025286","https://openalex.org/W2046827674","https://openalex.org/W2069795715","https://openalex.org/W2101717804","https://openalex.org/W2116661103","https://openalex.org/W2141161586","https://openalex.org/W2149946537","https://openalex.org/W2543205889","https://openalex.org/W4236796590","https://openalex.org/W6629975107","https://openalex.org/W6682571412"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160372845","https://openalex.org/W1545438037","https://openalex.org/W1977755618","https://openalex.org/W2131964951","https://openalex.org/W2897770615","https://openalex.org/W4226197542","https://openalex.org/W4214681414","https://openalex.org/W1890124164","https://openalex.org/W2032117939","https://openalex.org/W2034593071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"multi-level":[1,86],"cell":[2,15,45,53,100,112],"for":[3,83,125],"STT-MRAM":[4],"is":[5,101,123],"proposed":[6,14,44,85,99,111],"using":[7,88],"biaxial":[8,25,41,127],"magnetic":[9,26],"tunnel":[10],"junction":[11],"(MTJ).":[12],"The":[13],"consists":[16],"of":[17,39,97,106,134],"one":[18,21],"transistor":[19],"and":[20,109],"MTJ":[22],"(1T1MTJ)":[23],"with":[24,60],"layer":[27],"to":[28,49,68,73],"store":[29],"two":[30],"bits":[31,48],"per":[32,52],"cell.":[33],"Using":[34],"the":[35,40,43,70,74,93,98,110,126,135],"four":[36],"stable":[37],"states":[38],"layer,":[42],"allows":[46],"2":[47],"be":[50],"stored":[51],"without":[54],"voltage":[55,121],"headroom":[56],"limitations.":[57],"Current":[58,129],"pulses":[59],"different":[61],"amplitudes":[62],"are":[63],"applied":[64],"during":[65],"write":[66,80,95],"operation":[67],"switch":[69],"magnetization":[71],"vector":[72],"corresponding":[75],"region.":[76],"This":[77],"avoids":[78],"multi-step":[79],"operations":[81],"required":[82],"previously":[84],"cells":[87],"uniaxial":[89],"MTJs.":[90],"On":[91],"average,":[92],"simulated":[94],"speed":[96],"33%":[102],"faster":[103],"than":[104],"that":[105],"previous":[107],"work,":[108],"consumes":[113],"8%":[114],"less":[115],"power.":[116],"Also,":[117],"current":[118],"sensing":[119,122,130],"vs.":[120],"compared":[124],"MTJ,":[128],"provides":[131],"uniform":[132],"distribution":[133],"sense":[136],"margin.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
