{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2169856780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","title":"Proposal of four-valued MRAM based on MTJ/RTD structure","display_name":"Proposal of four-valued MRAM based on MTJ/RTD structure","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2169856780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","mag":"2169856780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"33rd International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060447429","display_name":"Tetsuya Uemura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0451-7376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Uemura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917336","display_name":"M. Yamamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Yamamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060447429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81421129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12510","display_name":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.8422701358795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-tunnelling","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","score":0.7507232427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-magnetoresistance","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","score":0.7257550954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coercivity","display_name":"Coercivity","score":0.6754899621009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.6332492828369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferromagnetism","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","score":0.5599918365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5552253723144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.5214535593986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistance","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","score":0.4584045708179474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.44686996936798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.42467641830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.378218412399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37409666180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2857149839401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.242231547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1526113748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.11890241503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09375438094139099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8422701358795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120398109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175751","display_name":"Quantum tunnelling","level":2,"score":0.7507232427597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56202322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884383","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.7257550954818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126530901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635","display_name":"Coercivity","level":2,"score":0.6754899621009827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.6332492828369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.5599918365478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5552253723144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.5214535593986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117958382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58347","display_name":"Magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.4584045708179474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.44686996936798096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42467641830444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.378218412399292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37409666180610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2857149839401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.242231547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1526113748550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.11890241503715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09375438094139099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismvl.2003.1201417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"33rd International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500273969","https://openalex.org/W1555405436","https://openalex.org/W1592298766","https://openalex.org/W1967393072","https://openalex.org/W2043417735","https://openalex.org/W2060798601","https://openalex.org/W2157434337","https://openalex.org/W2160372845","https://openalex.org/W2161156247","https://openalex.org/W2163958441","https://openalex.org/W2169856780","https://openalex.org/W2533945318","https://openalex.org/W4252928568","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633187270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977755618","https://openalex.org/W1545438037","https://openalex.org/W1890124164","https://openalex.org/W2897770615","https://openalex.org/W4226197542","https://openalex.org/W4214681414","https://openalex.org/W2131964951","https://openalex.org/W2032117939","https://openalex.org/W4386429298","https://openalex.org/W2160372845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"proposed":[1],"a":[2,12,20],"novel":[3],"four-valued":[4],"magnetic":[5],"random":[6],"access":[7],"memory":[8],"(MRAM),":[9],"that":[10,99],"uses":[11],"double":[13,29],"barrier":[14,30],"magneto":[15],"tunnel":[16],"junction":[17],"(MTJ)":[18],"and":[19,38,47,93],"resonant":[21],"tunneling":[22,74],"diode":[23],"(RTD)":[24],"connected":[25],"in":[26,32],"series.":[27],"The":[28,69,95,121],"MTJ":[31,80],"the":[33,61,73,79,86,90,100,111],"form":[34],"FM1/I/FM2/I/FM1,":[35],"where":[36],"FM1":[37],"FM2":[39],"represent":[40],"ferromagnetic":[41,67],"materials":[42],"with":[43,102],"different":[44],"coercive":[45],"forces":[46],"I":[48],"represents":[49],"an":[50,133],"insulator,":[51],"respectively,":[52],"can":[53,71],"take":[54],"four":[55],"distinct":[56],"resistance":[57],"values,":[58],"depending":[59],"on":[60],"direction":[62],"of":[63,65,78,89,107],"magnetization":[64],"each":[66],"layer":[68],"RTD":[70,101],"increase":[72,110],"magneto-resistance":[75],"(TMR)":[76],"ratio":[77,106,114],"without":[81],"area":[82,123],"penalty":[83],"due":[84],"to":[85,117],"nonlinear":[87],"nature":[88],"NDR":[91],"characteristics":[92],"compactness.":[94],"SPICE":[96],"simulation":[97],"showed":[98],"its":[103],"peak-to-valley":[104],"current":[105],"12":[108],"could":[109],"effective":[112],"TMR":[113],"from":[115],"15%":[116],"more":[118],"than":[119],"100%.":[120],"cell":[122],"per":[124],"bit":[125],"is":[126,130],"2F/sup":[127],"2//bit,":[128],"which":[129],"suitable":[131],"for":[132],"ultra-high":[134],"density":[135],"memory.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
