{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416403928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061","title":"Adversarial VR: An Open-Source Testbed for Evaluating Adversarial Robustness of VR Cybersickness Detection and Mitigation","display_name":"Adversarial VR: An Open-Source Testbed for Evaluating Adversarial Robustness of VR Cybersickness Detection and Mitigation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416403928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.17029","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111149886","display_name":"Istiak Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3118-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Istiak Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064926522","display_name":"Ripan Kumar Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-8580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ripan Kumar Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069684684","display_name":"Khaza Anuarul Hoque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1625-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaza Anuarul Hoque","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri-Columbia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri-Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111149886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18684319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"281","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8794999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.2858999967575073}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9496999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8794999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4244000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145424490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618465","display_name":"Remotely operated underwater vehicle","level":4,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ismar-adjunct68609.2025.00061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.17029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17029","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.17029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2512.17029","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2512.17029","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.17029","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316514","display_name":"Arm","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982412788","https://openalex.org/W2110940238","https://openalex.org/W2129535614","https://openalex.org/W2132782512","https://openalex.org/W2342688137","https://openalex.org/W2774644650","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3048836762","https://openalex.org/W3088689752","https://openalex.org/W3090855408","https://openalex.org/W3115360974","https://openalex.org/W3147407249","https://openalex.org/W3161569236","https://openalex.org/W3162438733","https://openalex.org/W3208497351","https://openalex.org/W4285128752","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4296983654","https://openalex.org/W4312857547","https://openalex.org/W4360991176","https://openalex.org/W4367662941","https://openalex.org/W4392248119","https://openalex.org/W4396918816","https://openalex.org/W4401549566","https://openalex.org/W4401750576","https://openalex.org/W4402721876","https://openalex.org/W4402957971","https://openalex.org/W4406266237","https://openalex.org/W4407230102","https://openalex.org/W4409761095","https://openalex.org/W4409762904","https://openalex.org/W4410086742","https://openalex.org/W4411336554"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)-based":[2],"automated":[3],"cybersickness":[4,93,125,159,164,228],"detection":[5,94,127],"methods,":[6],"along":[7],"with":[8,174],"adaptive":[9],"mitigation":[10,96,160],"techniques,":[11],"can":[12,36],"enhance":[13],"user":[14],"comfort":[15],"and":[16,43,95,113,128,154,180,187,198],"interaction.":[17],"However,":[18],"recent":[19],"studies":[20],"show":[21,201],"that":[22,59,135,202],"these":[23,64,169,203],"DL-based":[24,92,163],"systems":[25,65],"are":[26,116,206],"susceptible":[27],"to":[28,33,72,231],"adversarial":[29,67,99,150,204],"attacks;":[30],"small":[31],"perturbations":[32],"sensor":[34],"inputs":[35],"degrade":[37],"model":[38,141,229],"performance,":[39],"trigger":[40],"incorrect":[41],"mitigation,":[42],"disrupt":[44],"the":[45,61,70,104,119,137,211,215,226,232,235],"user\u2019s":[46],"immersive":[47],"experience":[48],"(UIX).":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"there":[51],"is":[52],"a":[53,85,130,172,175,220],"lack":[54],"of":[55,63,208],"dedicated":[56],"open-source":[57,120,189],"testbeds":[58],"evaluate":[60],"robustness":[62],"under":[66,98],"conditions,":[68],"limiting":[69],"ability":[71],"assess":[73,144],"their":[74],"real-world":[75],"effectiveness.":[76],"To":[77,143],"address":[78],"this":[79,81],"gap,":[80],"paper":[82],"introduces":[83],"Adversarial-VR,":[84],"novel":[86],"real-time":[87,124],"VR":[88,177,196],"testbed":[89,105,173],"for":[90,123,192,225],"evaluating":[91],"strategies":[97],"conditions.":[100],"Developed":[101],"in":[102,219,223],"Unity,":[103],"integrates":[106],"two":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"(SOTA)":[109],"DL":[110],"models:":[111],"DeepTCN":[112],"Transformer,":[114],"which":[115,156],"trained":[117],"on":[118,140],"MazeSick":[121],"dataset,":[122],"severity":[126],"applies":[129],"dynamic":[131],"visual":[132],"tunneling":[133],"mechanism":[134],"adjusts":[136],"field-of-view":[138],"based":[139],"outputs.":[142],"robustness,":[145],"we":[146,188],"incorporate":[147],"three":[148],"SOTA":[149],"attacks:":[151],"MI-FGSM,":[152],"PGD,":[153],"C&W,":[155],"successfully":[157,209],"prevent":[158],"by":[161,195],"fooling":[162,210],"models\u2019":[165],"outcomes.":[166],"We":[167],"implement":[168],"attacks":[170,205],"using":[171],"custom-built":[176],"Maze":[178],"simulation":[179],"an":[181],"HTC":[182],"Vive":[183],"Pro":[184],"Eye":[185],"headset,":[186],"our":[190],"implementation":[191],"widespread":[193],"adoption":[194],"developers":[197],"researchers.":[199],"Results":[200],"capable":[207],"system.":[212],"For":[213],"instance,":[214],"C&W":[216],"attack":[217],"results":[218],"5.94\u00d7":[221],"decrease":[222],"accuracy":[224,233],"Transformer-based":[227],"compared":[230],"without":[234],"attack.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-18T00:00:00"}