{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416963469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757","title":"A Spectral-Efficient Low-Power NRZ/PAM-4 Dual-Mode Wireline Transmitter for Multidrop Interfaces","display_name":"A Spectral-Efficient Low-Power NRZ/PAM-4 Dual-Mode Wireline Transmitter for Multidrop Interfaces","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416963469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025710924","display_name":"Donggeon Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donggeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055314868","display_name":"Kiarash Gharibdoust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-9126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110387","display_name":"Microelectronica (Romania)","ror":"https://ror.org/01keak954","country_code":"RO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110387"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiarash Gharibdoust","raw_affiliation_strings":["EM Microelectronic,Neuchatel,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EM Microelectronic,Neuchatel,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052867620","display_name":"Armin Tajalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0222-3561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Tajalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041425645","display_name":"Kyoungtae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4605-1415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungtae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073822029","display_name":"Gain Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3680-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193352282","display_name":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frjya69","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gain Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST),Daegu,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193352282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32902226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireline","display_name":"Wireline","score":0.8906000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.680899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.661899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalization","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-transmission","display_name":"Data transmission","score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equalizer","display_name":"Equalizer","score":0.4101000130176544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776951270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026910","display_name":"Wireline","level":3,"score":0.8906000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.680899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.661899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6180999875068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75755367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104531076","display_name":"Equalization (audio)","level":3,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47940000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67545415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5384218","display_name":"Equalizer","level":3,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194491627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334354","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","level":4,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112806600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386022","display_name":"Band-stop filter","level":4,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped65674.2025.11261757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1835696439","https://openalex.org/W2031726803","https://openalex.org/W2144508692","https://openalex.org/W2525807299","https://openalex.org/W2604859181","https://openalex.org/W2763112870","https://openalex.org/W2889992105","https://openalex.org/W2958632522","https://openalex.org/W3004635620","https://openalex.org/W3195190117","https://openalex.org/W3212739846","https://openalex.org/W4285184486","https://openalex.org/W4312684202","https://openalex.org/W4399568415","https://openalex.org/W4402434886","https://openalex.org/W4408183624"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,41,62,136,149,156],"reconfigurable":[4,89],"and":[5,78,96,103,116,155],"energy-efficient":[6],"digital":[7],"spectrum":[8,18],"shaping":[9],"signaling":[10],"(DSSS)":[11],"for":[12,58],"multidrop":[13,37],"interfaces,":[14],"where":[15],"the":[16,20,26,36,47,72,83],"output":[17],"of":[19,65,160],"transmitted":[21],"data":[22,42,132],"is":[23],"shaped":[24],"using":[25,114],"2-times":[27],"repetitive":[28],"block":[29],"transmission":[30],"to":[31,45],"avoid":[32],"frequency":[33,59],"notches":[34,60],"in":[35,75,124],"channel,":[38],"thereby":[39],"achieving":[40],"rate":[43,133],"up":[44],"4\u00d7":[46],"first":[48,108,140],"channel":[49,137],"notch":[50,144],"frequency.":[51],"In":[52,81],"conventional":[53],"wireline":[54],"transceivers":[55],"(TRX),":[56],"compensating":[57],"requires":[61],"large":[63],"number":[64],"decision":[66],"feedback":[67],"equalizer":[68],"(DFE)":[69],"taps":[70],"at":[71,145,163],"receiver,":[73],"resulting":[74],"significant":[76],"area":[77],"power":[79],"overhead.":[80],"contrast,":[82],"proposed":[84,101],"DSSS":[85],"architecture":[86],"supports":[87],"spectrum-efficient":[88],"dual-mode":[90],"NRZ/PAM-4,":[91],"reducing":[92],"required":[93],"equalization":[94],"efforts":[95],"improving":[97],"energy":[98,158],"efficiency.":[99],"The":[100],"scheme":[102],"its":[104,139],"transmitter":[105],"(TX)":[106],"were":[107],"validated":[109],"through":[110],"event-driven":[111],"behavioral":[112],"simulations":[113],"XMODEL":[115],"verified":[117],"with":[118,148],"equipment-based":[119],"measurements.":[120],"Post-layout":[121],"simulation":[122],"results":[123],"28":[125],"nm":[126],"CMOS":[127],"process":[128],"demonstrated":[129],"4":[130],"Gb/s":[131],"communicating":[134],"over":[135],"having":[138],">":[141],"30":[142],"dB":[143],"1":[146],"GHz,":[147],"235":[150],"mV":[151],"vertical":[152],"eye":[153],"opening":[154],"TX":[157],"efficiency":[159],"0.39":[161],"pJ/b":[162],"0.8":[164],"V":[165],"supply.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}