{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2971791668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","title":"VCAM: Variation Compensation through Activation Matching for Analog Binarized Neural Networks","display_name":"VCAM: Variation Compensation through Activation Matching for Analog Binarized Neural Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2971791668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","mag":"2971791668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368644","display_name":"Jaehyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1480-2517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083462344","display_name":"Chaeun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444985","display_name":"Jihun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101467550","display_name":"Yumin Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yumin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027075775","display_name":"Cheol Seong Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6254-9758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheol Seong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering and Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043594476","display_name":"Ki\u2010Young Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-6697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyoung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100368644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72184953,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7548822164535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6309727430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6049414873123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-variation","display_name":"Process variation","score":0.5530433058738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.5417817234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5269416570663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4273145794868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39073053002357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3645986020565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3490056097507477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3324234187602997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24299609661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1297701895236969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7548822164535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6309727430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6049414873123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93389723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247313","display_name":"Process variation","level":3,"score":0.5530433058738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5417817234992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5269416570663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4273145794868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39073053002357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3645986020565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3490056097507477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3324234187602997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24299609661102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1297701895236969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2019.8824902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/186496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/186496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1974823485","https://openalex.org/W2033443176","https://openalex.org/W2048266589","https://openalex.org/W2100946869","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2159801533","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2171888576","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2418046303","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2588666075","https://openalex.org/W2591922920","https://openalex.org/W2725092576","https://openalex.org/W2743654210","https://openalex.org/W2753758886","https://openalex.org/W2791687715","https://openalex.org/W2793168176","https://openalex.org/W2798554798","https://openalex.org/W2802367674","https://openalex.org/W4233443202","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6717052788","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6750749591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W4380078352","https://openalex.org/W3046591097","https://openalex.org/W4389249638","https://openalex.org/W2733410219","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W4388700941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"an":[2],"energy-efficient":[3],"analog":[4],"implementation":[5],"of":[6,24,50,61,86,104],"binarized":[7],"neural":[8],"network":[9],"with":[10,59],"a":[11],"novel":[12],"technique":[13],"called":[14],"VCAM,":[15],"variation":[16],"compensation":[17],"through":[18],"activation":[19],"matching.":[20],"The":[21],"architecture":[22],"consists":[23],"1T1R":[25],"ReRAM":[26],"arrays":[27],"and":[28,34,78,90,107],"differential":[29],"amplifiers":[30],"for":[31],"implementing":[32],"synapses":[33],"neurons,":[35],"respectively.":[36],"To":[37],"restore":[38],"classification":[39],"test":[40],"accuracy":[41,73,102],"degraded":[42],"by":[43],"process":[44],"variation,":[45],"we":[46],"adjust":[47],"the":[48,51,68,72,84,101,112],"biases":[49],"neurons":[52],"to":[53,74,100,111],"match":[54],"their":[55],"average":[56],"output":[57],"activations":[58],"those":[60],"ideal":[62,113],"neurons.":[63],"Experimental":[64],"results":[65],"show":[66],"that":[67],"proposed":[69],"approach":[70],"recovers":[71],"98.55%":[75],"on":[76,80],"MNIST":[77],"89.63%":[79],"CIFAR-10":[81],"even":[82],"in":[83],"presence":[85],"50%":[87],"threshold":[88],"voltage":[89],"15%":[91],"resistance":[92],"variations":[93],"at":[94],"3-sigma":[95],"point.":[96],"This":[97],"result":[98],"corresponds":[99],"degradation":[103],"only":[105],"0.05%":[106],"1.35%,":[108],"respectively,":[109],"compared":[110],"case.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}