{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2743654210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","title":"An energy-efficient and high-throughput bitwise CNN on sneak-path-free digital ReRAM crossbar","display_name":"An energy-efficient and high-throughput bitwise CNN on sneak-path-free digital ReRAM crossbar","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2743654210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","mag":"2743654210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030240223","display_name":"Leibin Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-3146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leibin Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore, SG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792802","display_name":"Zichuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-1549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zichuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031902380","display_name":"Wenhao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-9298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062662868","display_name":"J. Joshua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-7531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Joshua Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432170","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8747-3203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110106651","display_name":"Kanwen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanwen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Center Technology Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Center Technology Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101528091","display_name":"Yuangang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-8851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuangang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Center Technology Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Center Technology Laboratory, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89329557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.8629909157752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.7653545141220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7514114379882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7201069593429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitwise-operation","display_name":"Bitwise operation","score":0.7099494934082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5409067869186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.4851394593715668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4297850728034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.42804989218711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-memory-processing","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","score":0.42143508791923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4163914918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3962976932525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3702431917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.26169413328170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.23262393474578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1967518925666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18608006834983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1260400414466858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11352130770683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.09978142380714417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.8629909157752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7653545141220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7514114379882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7201069593429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.7099494934082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5409067869186401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.4851394593715668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4297850728034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.42804989218711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123593499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008583","display_name":"In-Memory Processing","level":5,"score":0.42143508791923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4163914918899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3962976932525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3702431917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.26169413328170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.23262393474578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1967518925666809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18608006834983826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1260400414466858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11352130770683289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.09978142380714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/islped.2017.8009177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (ISLPED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309949","display_name":"Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01sdtdd95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321026","display_name":"Ministry of Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/013cf5k59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W2018774711","https://openalex.org/W2025535306","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2100002341","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2295683497","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2323986115","https://openalex.org/W2399958287","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2513494007","https://openalex.org/W2517239728","https://openalex.org/W2526646482","https://openalex.org/W2567589630","https://openalex.org/W2582753807","https://openalex.org/W2585407525","https://openalex.org/W2585720638","https://openalex.org/W2588666075","https://openalex.org/W2603636614","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2963114950","https://openalex.org/W2963145956","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W4297699616","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6674479107","https://openalex.org/W6674813771","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6694717790","https://openalex.org/W6697178350","https://openalex.org/W6731232328","https://openalex.org/W6764473562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005999147","https://openalex.org/W4386216112","https://openalex.org/W3176428941","https://openalex.org/W3089883684","https://openalex.org/W4232634182","https://openalex.org/W4301187613","https://openalex.org/W2923038022","https://openalex.org/W3008646524","https://openalex.org/W1636374761","https://openalex.org/W4385624997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"network":[2],"(CNN)":[3],"based":[4,32],"machine":[5],"learning":[6],"requires":[7],"a":[8,28,80,121],"highly":[9],"parallel":[10],"as":[11,13],"well":[12],"low":[14],"power":[15,43,128,142],"consumption":[16,44,129],"(including":[17],"leakage":[18],"power)":[19],"hardware":[20],"accelerator.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"we":[25],"will":[26],"present":[27],"digital":[29,81,104],"ReRAM":[30,105],"crossbar":[31,106],"CNN":[33,48,73,100,145],"accelerator":[34,101],"that":[35,60,97],"can":[36,75],"achieve":[37],"significantly":[38],"higher":[39,136],"throughput":[40,123,137],"and":[41,57,109,114,138],"lower":[42,141],"than":[45,143],"state-of-arts.":[46],"The":[47],"is":[49,88,133],"trained":[50],"with":[51],"binary":[52],"constraints":[53],"on":[54,79,102,112],"both":[55],"weights":[56],"activations":[58],"such":[59],"all":[61],"operations":[62],"become":[63],"bitwise.":[64],"With":[65],"further":[66,89],"use":[67],"of":[68,124,130],"1-bit":[69],"comparator,":[70],"the":[71,98,103,127],"bitwise":[72,99],"model":[74],"be":[76],"naturally":[77],"realized":[78],"ReRAM-crossbar":[82,87],"device.":[83],"A":[84],"novel":[85],"sneak-path-free":[86],"utilized":[90],"for":[91],"large-scale":[92],"realization.":[93],"Simulation":[94],"experiments":[95],"show":[96],"achieves":[107],"98.3%":[108],"91.4%":[110],"accuracy":[111],"MNIST":[113],"CIFAR-10":[115],"benchmarks,":[116],"respectively.":[117],"Moreover,":[118],"it":[119],"has":[120],"peak":[122],"792GOPS":[125],"at":[126],"6.3mW,":[131],"which":[132],"18.86":[134],"times":[135,140],"44.1":[139],"CMOS":[144],"(non-binary)":[146],"accelerators.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}