{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197870239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","title":"Mixed Dimension Embeddings with Application to Memory-Efficient Recommendation Systems","display_name":"Mixed Dimension Embeddings with Application to Memory-Efficient Recommendation Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197870239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","mag":"3197870239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110460217","display_name":"Antonio A. Ginart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A.A. Ginart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Palo Alto,California","Stanford University, Palo Alto, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Palo Alto,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038603364","display_name":"Maxim Naumov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6102-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maxim Naumov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066366329","display_name":"Dheevatsa Mudigere","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dheevatsa Mudigere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033659558","display_name":"Jiyan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5946-5456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc.,Menlo Park,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Inc., Menlo Park, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005779176","display_name":"James Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1743320","display_name":"Palo Alto University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f812k67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Palo Alto,California","Stanford University, Palo Alto, California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Palo Alto,California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Palo Alto, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110460217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1743320","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8194,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97740266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2786","last_page":"2791"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8362851142883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.8112092614173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.8105984330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4759904146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.42894434928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.37500572204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3471246361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27477002143859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1160058081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0781746506690979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8362851142883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.8112092614173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.8105984330177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4759904146194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4561059772968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.42894434928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.37500572204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3471246361732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27477002143859863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1160058081150055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0781746506690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit45174.2021.9517710","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000042664","https://openalex.org/W2047071281","https://openalex.org/W2134332047","https://openalex.org/W2162451874","https://openalex.org/W2475334473","https://openalex.org/W2566608758","https://openalex.org/W2604662567","https://openalex.org/W2605350416","https://openalex.org/W2611328865","https://openalex.org/W2723293840","https://openalex.org/W2793768763","https://openalex.org/W2795117763","https://openalex.org/W2880875857","https://openalex.org/W2893642647","https://openalex.org/W2901839763","https://openalex.org/W2904759072","https://openalex.org/W2918259223","https://openalex.org/W2945772520","https://openalex.org/W2947737663","https://openalex.org/W2951001079","https://openalex.org/W2958981444","https://openalex.org/W2962745591","https://openalex.org/W2963631907","https://openalex.org/W2963689957","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2973727699","https://openalex.org/W3081362488","https://openalex.org/W3100619852","https://openalex.org/W3103362336","https://openalex.org/W3104030692","https://openalex.org/W3105489725","https://openalex.org/W3106252282","https://openalex.org/W4245872049","https://openalex.org/W4247541366","https://openalex.org/W4289276774","https://openalex.org/W6752788575","https://openalex.org/W6754166240","https://openalex.org/W6756580189","https://openalex.org/W6757123339","https://openalex.org/W6759827185","https://openalex.org/W6763737044","https://openalex.org/W6766673545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2013985456","https://openalex.org/W2951564084","https://openalex.org/W4302984940","https://openalex.org/W2776807270","https://openalex.org/W2392685819","https://openalex.org/W2932872266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedding":[0],"representations":[1],"power":[2],"machine":[3],"intelligence":[4],"in":[5,22,41],"many":[6,96],"applications,":[7],"including":[8],"recommendation":[9],"systems,":[10],"but":[11],"they":[12],"are":[13],"space":[14],"intensive":[15],"-":[16],"potentially":[17],"occupying":[18],"hundreds":[19],"of":[20,127],"gigabytes":[21],"large-scale":[23],"settings.":[24],"To":[25],"help":[26],"manage":[27],"this":[28,128],"outsized":[29],"memory":[30,69],"consumption,":[31],"we":[32,59,80],"explore":[33],"mixed":[34,63,85],"dimension":[35,47,86],"embeddings,":[36],"an":[37],"embedding":[38,45],"layer":[39],"architecture":[40],"which":[42],"a":[43,122],"particular":[44],"vector's":[46],"scales":[48],"with":[49],"its":[50],"query":[51],"frequency.":[52],"Through":[53],"theoretical":[54],"analysis":[55],"and":[56,73],"systematic":[57],"experiments,":[58],"demonstrate":[60],"that":[61,82],"using":[62,93,101],"dimensions":[64],"can":[65],"drastically":[66],"reduce":[67],"the":[68,76,83,111],"usage,":[70],"while":[71],"maintaining":[72],"even":[74],"improving":[75],"ML":[77],"performance.":[78],"Empirically,":[79],"show":[81],"proposed":[84],"layers":[87],"improve":[88],"accuracy":[89],"by":[90],"0.1":[91],"%":[92],"half":[94],"as":[95],"parameters":[97,105],"or":[98],"maintain":[99],"it":[100],"16":[102],"x":[103],"fewer":[104],"for":[106],"click-through":[107],"rate":[108],"prediction":[109],"on":[110,121],"Criteo":[112],"Kaggle":[113],"dataset.":[114],"They":[115],"also":[116],"train":[117],"over":[118],"2x":[119],"faster":[120],"GPU.":[123],"A":[124],"full":[125],"version":[126],"paper":[129],"is":[130],"accessible":[131],"at:":[132],"https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11810":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
