{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2146192834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","title":"Outage probability of the MIMO Gaussian free-space optical channel with PPM","display_name":"Outage probability of the MIMO Gaussian free-space optical channel with PPM","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2146192834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","mag":"2146192834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029714738","display_name":"Nick Letzepis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0374-2109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Letzepis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Telecommunications Research, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia","[Inst. for Telecommun. Res., Univ. of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Telecommunications Research, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. for Telecommun. Res., Univ. of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005125538","display_name":"Albert Guill\u00e9n i F\u00e0bregas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Guillen i Fabregas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":null,"first_page":"2649","last_page":"2653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6404986381530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.630135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5896807909011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5818414688110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5350922346115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5321053266525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.48879024386405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46159622073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4157698452472687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3805968463420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.3714044392108917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3071044981479645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.27786779403686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.15167173743247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14013147354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.0837709903717041}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6404986381530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.630135178565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5896807909011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5818414688110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5350922346115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5321053266525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.48879024386405945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46159622073173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4157698452472687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3805968463420868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.3714044392108917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3071044981479645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27786779403686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.15167173743247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14013147354125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0837709903717041}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isit.2008.4595472","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:generic.eprints.org:324376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.eng.cam.ac.uk/324376/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922847","display_name":"Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480844783","https://openalex.org/W1531234551","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1647321288","https://openalex.org/W1961845250","https://openalex.org/W2020347709","https://openalex.org/W2094172420","https://openalex.org/W2096733652","https://openalex.org/W2097548040","https://openalex.org/W2097695636","https://openalex.org/W2098257210","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100366181","https://openalex.org/W2102240301","https://openalex.org/W2106805812","https://openalex.org/W2110987781","https://openalex.org/W2112943043","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2129766733","https://openalex.org/W2131803714","https://openalex.org/W2138862764","https://openalex.org/W2139703631","https://openalex.org/W2140765577","https://openalex.org/W2142262614","https://openalex.org/W2145018027","https://openalex.org/W2145477533","https://openalex.org/W2155657434","https://openalex.org/W2159537797","https://openalex.org/W2159604024","https://openalex.org/W2164962185","https://openalex.org/W2165500698","https://openalex.org/W2166099870","https://openalex.org/W2168571551","https://openalex.org/W2171717188","https://openalex.org/W2258157321","https://openalex.org/W2970903405","https://openalex.org/W4300450205","https://openalex.org/W6631791869","https://openalex.org/W6679599163","https://openalex.org/W6681018935"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080272625","https://openalex.org/W2052124223","https://openalex.org/W2945075118","https://openalex.org/W2026348470","https://openalex.org/W2001881550","https://openalex.org/W4307466823","https://openalex.org/W4323644463","https://openalex.org/W174954854","https://openalex.org/W4386157700","https://openalex.org/W2374479570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"main":[1],"drawback":[2],"in":[3,27],"communicating":[4],"via":[5],"the":[6,11,14,28,31,42,47,72,76,79,92,116,121,124,153],"free-space":[7],"optical":[8],"channel":[9,77,110],"is":[10,87,126,149],"detrimental":[12],"effect":[13],"atmosphere":[15],"has":[16],"on":[17],"a":[18,57,65,134],"propagating":[19],"laser":[20,33],"beam.":[21],"Atmospheric":[22],"turbulence":[23,139],"causes":[24],"random":[25],"fluctuations":[26],"irradiance":[29],"of":[30,44,49,75,81,137],"received":[32],"beam,":[34],"commonly":[35],"referred":[36],"to":[37],"as":[38,101],"scintillation.":[39],"We":[40,63],"investigate":[41],"mitigation":[43],"scintillation":[45,125],"through":[46],"use":[48],"multiple":[50,53,59],"lasers":[51],"and":[52,70,96,129],"apertures,":[54],"thereby":[55],"creating":[56],"multiple-input":[58],"output":[60],"(MIMO)":[61],"channel.":[62],"adopt":[64],"quasi-static":[66],"block":[67],"fading":[68],"model":[69],"study":[71],"outage":[73],"probability":[74],"under":[78],"assumption":[80],"orthogonal":[82],"pulse-position":[83],"modulation.":[84],"Non-ideal":[85],"photodetection":[86],"also":[88,150],"assumed":[89],"such":[90],"that":[91],"combined":[93],"shot":[94],"noise":[95,98],"thermal":[97],"are":[99],"considered":[100],"signal-independent":[102],"additive":[103],"Gaussian":[104],"white":[105],"noise.":[106],"Assuming":[107],"perfect":[108],"receiver":[109],"state":[111],"information":[112],"(CSI),":[113],"we":[114,142],"compute":[115],"signal-to-noise":[117],"ratio":[118],"exponents":[119],"for":[120],"cases":[122],"when":[123,147],"lognormal,":[127],"exponential":[128],"gamma-gamma":[130],"distributed,":[131],"which":[132],"cover":[133],"wide":[135],"range":[136],"atmospheric":[138],"conditions.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"illustrate":[143],"very":[144],"large":[145],"gains":[146],"CSI":[148],"available":[151],"at":[152],"transmitter.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
