{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046446585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","title":"Technical Assessment of Large Scale PEM Electrolyzers as Flexibility Service Providers","display_name":"Technical Assessment of Large Scale PEM Electrolyzers as Flexibility Service Providers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046446585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","mag":"3046446585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031658278","display_name":"Digvijay Gusain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3208-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Digvijay Gusain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743212","display_name":"Milos\u0306 Cvetkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5169-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milos Cvetkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085472989","display_name":"Ron Bentvelsen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ron Bentvelsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022327673","display_name":"Peter P\u00e1lensk\u00fd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-4705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Palensky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Electrical Power Grids, Electrical Sustainable Energy, TU Delft Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8159,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77235772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1074","last_page":"1078"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.7585446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-to-gas","display_name":"Power to gas","score":0.6720040440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6415923237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.5936973690986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5359984040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4314267635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4261133372783661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4248208999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4240732789039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.40530896186828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3951549232006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27388668060302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolysis","display_name":"Electrolysis","score":0.27377820014953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2067246437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.1758192479610443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10679224133491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08222630620002747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7585446834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14518398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12646543","display_name":"Power to gas","level":5,"score":0.6720040440559387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6415923237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.5936973690986633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5359984040260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4314267635345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4261133372783661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4248208999633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4240732789039612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.40530896186828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3951549232006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27388668060302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163127949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64403","display_name":"Electrolysis","level":4,"score":0.27377820014953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2067246437072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.1758192479610443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10679224133491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08222630620002747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152462","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:f64e228b-5922-4a59-a61d-c5819b929957","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f64e228b-5922-4a59-a61d-c5819b929957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036699254","https://openalex.org/W2090575987","https://openalex.org/W2121509315","https://openalex.org/W2168275326","https://openalex.org/W2172069011","https://openalex.org/W2182020578","https://openalex.org/W2565898372","https://openalex.org/W2736307650","https://openalex.org/W2753273584","https://openalex.org/W2797444863","https://openalex.org/W2970056411","https://openalex.org/W3000588098","https://openalex.org/W6773657951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942800108","https://openalex.org/W172904397","https://openalex.org/W2108479988","https://openalex.org/W2093282101","https://openalex.org/W2529758252","https://openalex.org/W2155647893","https://openalex.org/W2386289146","https://openalex.org/W2359769407","https://openalex.org/W4387417792","https://openalex.org/W2080384562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,130],"counter":[1],"the":[2,23,49,128,136,151,159],"inherent":[3],"intermittent":[4],"and":[5,15,80,141,155],"unpre":[6],"dictable":[7],"power":[8,29,56,69,108],"generation":[9],"from":[10],"large":[11,118],"amounts":[12],"of":[13,22,54,71,88,99,153],"wind":[14],"solar,":[16],"fast-acting":[17],"resources":[18],"are":[19],"required,":[20],"one":[21],"options":[24],"being":[25],"sector":[26],"coupling":[27],"via":[28],"to":[30,35,47,64,76,127,147],"gas":[31],"devices.":[32],"Industrial":[33],"Power":[34],"Gas":[36],"(IPtG)":[37],"resources,":[38],"such":[39,84],"as":[40,121],"an":[41,44],"electrolyzer,":[42],"represent":[43],"attractive":[45],"solution":[46],"satisfy":[48],"rising":[50],"energy":[51],"flexibility":[52,110,123],"needs":[53],"renewable-rich":[55],"systems.":[57],"Since":[58],"these":[59],"electrolyzers":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"asked":[63],"respond":[65],"quickly":[66],"following":[67],"steep":[68],"ramps":[70],"renewables,":[72],"it":[73],"is":[74,91],"imperative":[75],"understand":[77],"their":[78],"capabilities":[79],"limitations":[81],"in":[82],"fulfilling":[83],"requirements.":[85],"The":[86],"contribution":[87],"this":[89,114],"paper":[90],"twofold.":[92],"First,":[93],"we":[94,116,134],"introduce":[95],"a":[96,100,122],"detailed":[97],"model":[98,115],"Proton":[101],"Exchange":[102],"Membrane":[103],"(PEM)":[104],"electrolyzer":[105,120,132,160],"suitable":[106],"for":[107],"system":[109],"studies.":[111],"Second,":[112],"using":[113],"assess":[117],"scale":[119],"service":[124],"provider":[125],"(FSP)":[126],"grid.":[129],"evaluate":[131],"performance,":[133],"construct":[135],"V-I":[137],"characteristic":[138],"curve":[139],"before":[140],"after":[142],"simulating":[143],"each":[144],"test":[145],"case":[146],"derive":[148],"insights":[149],"on":[150,158],"influence":[152],"time":[154],"dynamic":[156],"operation":[157],"system.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}