{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3046264275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","title":"Challenges and Future opportunities of Hairpin Technologies","display_name":"Challenges and Future opportunities of Hairpin Technologies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3046264275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","mag":"3046264275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1230675","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072357386","display_name":"A. Arzillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Arzillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021403691","display_name":"P. Braglia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Braglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087195272","display_name":"Stefano Nuzzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-5644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Nuzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090375255","display_name":"Davide Barater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-4504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Barater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086725859","display_name":"G. Franceschini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161797","display_name":"Ferrari (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p859a12","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Franceschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement of Engineering \"Enzo Ferrari\", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025852497","display_name":"David Gerada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Gerada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108166814","display_name":"Chris Gerada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4707-4480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Gerada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Electronics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Electronics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072357386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577","https://openalex.org/I4210161797"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94586819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"277","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9646000266075134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5138357281684875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5138357281684875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie45063.2020.9152417","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1230675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1230675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nottingham-repository.worktribe.com:5013480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5013480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402483","display_name":"Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","host_organization_name":"University of Nottingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:4463407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/4463407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1230675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1230675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657628220","https://openalex.org/W1577884955","https://openalex.org/W1776173237","https://openalex.org/W1896925750","https://openalex.org/W1975449908","https://openalex.org/W2000968796","https://openalex.org/W2001029919","https://openalex.org/W2014004983","https://openalex.org/W2039004578","https://openalex.org/W2107690684","https://openalex.org/W2113135010","https://openalex.org/W2141672397","https://openalex.org/W2141991389","https://openalex.org/W2335595212","https://openalex.org/W2342406714","https://openalex.org/W2535578746","https://openalex.org/W2548237764","https://openalex.org/W2596216585","https://openalex.org/W2753876966","https://openalex.org/W2783294749","https://openalex.org/W2794497709","https://openalex.org/W2802345919","https://openalex.org/W2840916302","https://openalex.org/W2889201731","https://openalex.org/W2898147908","https://openalex.org/W2898373927","https://openalex.org/W2898584649","https://openalex.org/W2902486278","https://openalex.org/W2904702434","https://openalex.org/W2920807095","https://openalex.org/W2921209771","https://openalex.org/W2921279748","https://openalex.org/W2921687492","https://openalex.org/W2954498601","https://openalex.org/W2979940400","https://openalex.org/W2991175169","https://openalex.org/W2997329990","https://openalex.org/W3004798739","https://openalex.org/W3006612751","https://openalex.org/W3024166999","https://openalex.org/W3027774553","https://openalex.org/W4239142946","https://openalex.org/W4254949915","https://openalex.org/W6750647498","https://openalex.org/W6760871685","https://openalex.org/W6777773263"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hairpin":[0],"windings":[1,67],"are":[2,29,40,68,84],"seeing":[3],"an":[4,109],"ever-increasing":[5],"application":[6],"and":[7,16,77,118],"development":[8],"in":[9,32],"electrical":[10,59],"machines":[11],"designed":[12],"for":[13],"high":[14,25,49,63],"power":[15,56],"torque":[17],"densities.":[18],"In":[19],"fact,":[20],"due":[21,74],"to":[22,54,75,94],"their":[23],"inherently":[24],"fill":[26],"factor,":[27],"they":[28],"very":[30],"attractive":[31],"applications,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"transportation,":[36],"where":[37],"these":[38,82],"characteristics":[39],"considered":[41],"main":[42],"design":[43],"objectives.":[44],"On":[45],"the":[46,112,138],"other":[47],"hand,":[48],"operating":[50],"frequencies":[51],"also":[52],"contribute":[53],"improve":[55],"density":[57],"of":[58,90,111,115],"machines.":[60],"However,":[61],"at":[62],"fundamental":[64],"frequencies,":[65],"hairpin":[66,116],"characterised":[69],"by":[70],"increased":[71],"Joule":[72],"losses":[73],"skin":[76],"proximity":[78],"effects.":[79],"Hence,":[80],"while":[81],"technologies":[83,117],"introducing":[85],"new":[86],"opportunities,":[87],"a":[88],"number":[89],"challenges":[91],"still":[92],"need":[93],"be":[95],"addressed.":[96],"These":[97],"include":[98],"manufacturing":[99],"aspects,":[100],"contacting":[101],"processes,":[102],"thermal":[103],"management,":[104],"etc.":[105],"This":[106],"paper":[107],"presents":[108],"overview":[110],"current":[113],"state-of-the-art":[114],"propose":[119],"possible":[120],"future":[121],"opportunities.":[122],"The":[123],"authors'":[124],"perspective":[125],"is":[126],"then":[127],"finally":[128],"provided,":[129],"showing":[130],"how":[131],"innovative":[132],"winding":[133],"patterns":[134],"can":[135],"potentially":[136],"overcome":[137],"above":[139],"mentioned":[140],"challenges.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-21T08:13:44.787528","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}