{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965441408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","title":"A Robust and Simple Phase-Locked Loop for Unbalanced Power Grid Applications","display_name":"A Robust and Simple Phase-Locked Loop for Unbalanced Power Grid Applications","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965441408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","mag":"2965441408"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853620","display_name":"Houshang Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-0925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houshang Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008486848","display_name":"Younes Seyedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3986-4298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younes Seyedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045651219","display_name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8112-8166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Karimi-Ghartemani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3489,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81248375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":null,"first_page":"29","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.7952451705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7792671918869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6718592047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.6642072796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5460434556007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5214354395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.5209128260612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5140103101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4596192240715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.45579537749290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4553123712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-angle","display_name":"Phase angle (astronomy)","score":0.43117013573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.35504668951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30784469842910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12228840589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.09093454480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09093299508094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08896037936210632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.7952451705932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7792671918869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6718592047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.6642072796821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5460434556007385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5214354395866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.5209128260612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5140103101730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4596192240715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.45579537749290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4553123712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170222088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2059855","display_name":"Phase angle (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.43117013573646545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.35504668951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30784469842910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12228840589523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.09093454480171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09093299508094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08896037936210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2019.8781486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:43704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/43704/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Communication de conf\u00e9rence"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940983783","https://openalex.org/W1977807922","https://openalex.org/W2011113533","https://openalex.org/W2015090570","https://openalex.org/W2018695134","https://openalex.org/W2037831236","https://openalex.org/W2064233964","https://openalex.org/W2067229772","https://openalex.org/W2067621972","https://openalex.org/W2089321226","https://openalex.org/W2097384867","https://openalex.org/W2098782404","https://openalex.org/W2100189858","https://openalex.org/W2114834373","https://openalex.org/W2150240500","https://openalex.org/W2371153789","https://openalex.org/W2375089002","https://openalex.org/W2566970223","https://openalex.org/W2593226635","https://openalex.org/W2774865173","https://openalex.org/W2785637931","https://openalex.org/W2786470377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2274815803","https://openalex.org/W2564500233","https://openalex.org/W2028471916","https://openalex.org/W1538400183","https://openalex.org/W2027377403","https://openalex.org/W2766771072","https://openalex.org/W2096980798","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W2154842468","https://openalex.org/W2126005017"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"improved":[4],"phase-locked":[5],"loop":[6],"(PLL)":[7],"for":[8,25],"estimation":[9],"of":[10,14,38,68,78,98,102,135,139,148],"frequency":[11],"and":[12,17,27,45,63,107,113,146],"phasors":[13],"three-phase":[15],"voltage":[16],"current":[18],"signals":[19,55],"in":[20,56,104],"power":[21,57,143],"systems.":[22],"It":[23],"works":[24],"balanced":[26],"unbalanced":[28],"inputs":[29],"amd":[30],"offers":[31],"highly":[32],"robust":[33],"performance":[34],"against":[35],"wide":[36,100,133],"range":[37,101,134],"input":[39],"signal":[40],"attitudes":[41],"including":[42,137],"its":[43,127],"amplitude,":[44],"angle.":[46],"Therefore,":[47],"it":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50],"reliably":[51],"applied":[52],"to":[53,75,126],"different":[54],"systems":[58],"such":[59],"as":[60],"fault":[61],"currents":[62],"short-circuit":[64],"voltages.":[65],"The":[66,89,117],"parameters":[67],"the":[69,76,94,123],"proposed":[70,118],"system":[71,95,119],"are":[72],"conveniently":[73],"reduced":[74],"selection":[77],"two":[79],"damping":[80],"ratios":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"developing":[84],"a":[85,132],"linear":[86],"mathematical":[87],"model.":[88],"simulation":[90],"results":[91],"confirm":[92],"that":[93],"is":[96],"capable":[97],"tracking":[99],"changes":[103],"frequency,":[105],"amplitude":[106],"phase":[108],"angle":[109],"with":[110],"excellent":[111],"robustness":[112],"short":[114],"transient":[115],"time.":[116],"not":[120],"only":[121],"reduces":[122],"computations":[124],"compared":[125],"counterparts,":[128],"but":[129],"also":[130],"improves":[131],"applications":[136],"grid-synchronization":[138],"distributed":[140],"generation":[141],"units,":[142],"quality":[144],"monitoring,":[145],"measurement":[147],"synchrophasors.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}