{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2745152951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","title":"A battery energy management strategy for UK enhanced frequency response","display_name":"A battery energy management strategy for UK enhanced frequency response","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2745152951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","mag":"2745152951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010095173","display_name":"Burcu Gundogdu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Gundogdu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020195191","display_name":"S. Nejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Nejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017721578","display_name":"Daniel T. Gladwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7195-5435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. T. Gladwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101955786","display_name":"David A. Stone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-3917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Stone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98266329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"26","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.6712613701820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.6707457900047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.6190420389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5720234513282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5637490153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5024702548980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-time","display_name":"Response time","score":0.48310256004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.47903552651405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.45192429423332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4493095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-response","display_name":"Frequency response","score":0.446329265832901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.3866279721260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35424721240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3413039445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3271638751029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2518764138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17219439148902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6712613701820374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.6707457900047302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6190420389175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720234513282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5637490153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5024702548980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.48310256004333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.47903552651405334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.45192429423332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4493095874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.446329265832901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.3866279721260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35424721240997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3413039445877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3271638751029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2518764138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17219439148902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2017.8001218","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 26th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:129360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129360/7/ISIE_BG_DTG_final.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129360/7/ISIE_BG_DTG_final.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Proceedings Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5159314192","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/N032888/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985086830","https://openalex.org/W2017428530","https://openalex.org/W2032621279","https://openalex.org/W2035837781","https://openalex.org/W2037629849","https://openalex.org/W2040943000","https://openalex.org/W2063866856","https://openalex.org/W2071420698","https://openalex.org/W2091517666","https://openalex.org/W2110014245","https://openalex.org/W2135119496","https://openalex.org/W2146419443","https://openalex.org/W2172073107","https://openalex.org/W2415401006","https://openalex.org/W2738085640","https://openalex.org/W6680099888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892695466","https://openalex.org/W3127790372","https://openalex.org/W2382782532","https://openalex.org/W3168778428","https://openalex.org/W2779431316","https://openalex.org/W4289260695","https://openalex.org/W4214912341","https://openalex.org/W2090419309","https://openalex.org/W2793838015","https://openalex.org/W4315618899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Balancing":[0],"the":[1,25,46,49,68,76,82,93,141,145,150,154,158,165,182,187],"grid":[2,69,142],"at":[3],"50":[4],"Hz":[5],"requires":[6,99],"managing":[7,153],"many":[8],"distributed":[9],"generation":[10,41],"sources":[11,31],"against":[12],"a":[13,62,87,100,114,125,132,172],"varying":[14],"load,":[15],"which":[16,42,57,98],"is":[17,113,128],"becoming":[18],"an":[19,161,190],"increasingly":[20],"challenging":[21],"task":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,45,60,65,130,138,180],"increased":[26],"penetration":[27],"of":[28,39,103,157,164,189],"renewable":[29],"energy":[30,109],"such":[32,119],"as":[33],"wind":[34],"and":[35,37,89,144],"solar":[36],"loss":[38],"traditional":[40],"provide":[43,61,131],"inertia":[44],"system.":[47],"In":[48],"UK,":[50],"various":[51],"frequency":[52,143],"support":[53],"services":[54],"are":[55,58,178],"available,":[56],"developed":[59,129],"real-time":[63],"response":[64,101],"changes":[66],"in":[67,81,122,140],"frequency.":[70],"The":[71],"National":[72],"Grid":[73],"(NG)":[74],"-":[75,84],"main":[77],"distribution":[78],"network":[79],"operator":[80],"UK":[83],"have":[85],"introduced":[86],"new":[88],"fast":[90],"service":[91],"called":[92],"Enhanced":[94],"Frequency":[95],"Response":[96],"(EFR),":[97],"time":[102],"under":[104],"one":[105],"second.":[106],"A":[107],"battery":[108,193],"storage":[110],"system":[111],"(BESS)":[112],"suitable":[115],"candidate":[116],"for":[117,160],"delivering":[118],"service.":[120],"Therefore,":[121],"this":[123],"paper":[124],"control":[126,188],"algorithm":[127,184],"charge/discharge":[133],"power":[134],"output":[135],"with":[136],"respect":[137],"deviations":[139],"ramp-rate":[146],"limits":[147],"imposed":[148],"by":[149],"NG,":[151],"whilst":[152],"state-of-charge":[155],"(SOC)":[156],"BESS":[159,177],"optimised":[162],"utilisation":[163],"available":[166],"stored":[167],"energy.":[168],"Simulation":[169],"results":[170],"on":[171,186],"2":[173],"MW/1":[174],"MWh":[175],"lithium-titanate":[176],"provided":[179],"verify":[181],"proposed":[183],"based":[185],"experimentally":[191],"validated":[192],"model.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}