{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963740890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","title":"Kriging assisted on-line torque calculation for brushless DC motors used in electric vehicles","display_name":"Kriging assisted on-line torque calculation for brushless DC motors used in electric vehicles","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963740890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","mag":"1963740890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101667865","display_name":"Xiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0797-7677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756882","display_name":"Mian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-5861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625824","display_name":"Chengbin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-8084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengbin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Shanghai Jiaotong University Joint Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110714365","display_name":"Min Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-8000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automotive Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64334119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"130","issue":null,"first_page":"1496","last_page":"1501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-torque-control","display_name":"Direct torque control","score":0.7524204850196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6742664575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.6615319848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.5964264869689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-motor","display_name":"Electric motor","score":0.521934986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stall-torque","display_name":"Stall torque","score":0.5112133026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-motor","display_name":"Torque motor","score":0.4969628155231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-motor","display_name":"Synchronous motor","score":0.4960368573665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.4508570730686188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43887677788734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brushed-dc-electric-motor","display_name":"Brushed DC electric motor","score":0.43381279706954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.42281949520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3891880512237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3120126724243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.2835351228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-motor","display_name":"AC motor","score":0.27519363164901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23332130908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2318466603755951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11532828211784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1138744056224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09746366739273071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109871850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227571","display_name":"Direct torque control","level":4,"score":0.7524204850196838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6742664575576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.6615319848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.5964264869689941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176871988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72313","display_name":"Electric motor","level":2,"score":0.521934986114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17348537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7597300","display_name":"Stall torque","level":5,"score":0.5112133026123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204054776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2444432","display_name":"Torque motor","level":5,"score":0.4969628155231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675","display_name":"Synchronous motor","level":2,"score":0.4960368573665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.4508570730686188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43887677788734436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2949179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q588523","display_name":"Brushed DC electric motor","level":4,"score":0.43381279706954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.42281949520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3891880512237549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3120126724243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.2835351228713989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173161252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435839","display_name":"AC motor","level":3,"score":0.27519363164901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23332130908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2318466603755951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11532828211784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1138744056224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09746366739273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2012.6237312","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479778194","https://openalex.org/W1504758722","https://openalex.org/W1562107779","https://openalex.org/W1695563742","https://openalex.org/W1967663763","https://openalex.org/W1984470894","https://openalex.org/W1985186643","https://openalex.org/W1990769746","https://openalex.org/W2001842014","https://openalex.org/W2009526163","https://openalex.org/W2016974633","https://openalex.org/W2019708972","https://openalex.org/W2054889324","https://openalex.org/W2056078466","https://openalex.org/W2056342623","https://openalex.org/W2073279036","https://openalex.org/W2091552547","https://openalex.org/W2095978476","https://openalex.org/W2101215992","https://openalex.org/W2108048832","https://openalex.org/W2116772852","https://openalex.org/W2118746466","https://openalex.org/W2119312948","https://openalex.org/W2126620870","https://openalex.org/W2129247329","https://openalex.org/W2138292058","https://openalex.org/W2157097428","https://openalex.org/W2159214485","https://openalex.org/W2162424869","https://openalex.org/W2172760282","https://openalex.org/W2568283272","https://openalex.org/W2584432549","https://openalex.org/W4242059591","https://openalex.org/W4252808657","https://openalex.org/W4254212786","https://openalex.org/W6668968147","https://openalex.org/W6679607848"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2201810838","https://openalex.org/W2089562916","https://openalex.org/W2116016382","https://openalex.org/W2122306509","https://openalex.org/W2379878679","https://openalex.org/W2158120472","https://openalex.org/W2244669196","https://openalex.org/W1626739846","https://openalex.org/W3012683504","https://openalex.org/W2978684330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Torque":[0],"is":[1,78,82,114],"one":[2],"of":[3,33,44,52,89,141],"the":[4,34,86,90,111,118],"most":[5],"important":[6],"control":[7,32,51,139],"factors":[8],"for":[9],"a":[10,22,64,74],"vehicle's":[11],"motion.":[12],"Compared":[13],"with":[14,121],"internal":[15],"combustion":[16],"engine,":[17],"electric":[18,28],"motors":[19,55],"can":[20,131],"have":[21],"more":[23],"accurate":[24],"torque":[25,31,50,120,130],"feedback.":[26],"In":[27,61],"vehicles,":[29,142],"direct":[30,49],"permanent":[35],"magnet":[36],"synchronous":[37],"motor":[38,91,99,119,129],"has":[39,56],"been":[40,58],"studied.":[41],"However,":[42],"because":[43],"non-ideal":[45],"back":[46,71,87,108],"EMF":[47,72,88,109],"phenomenon,":[48],"brushless":[53],"DC":[54],"not":[57],"widely":[59],"used.":[60],"this":[62,126],"paper,":[63],"new":[65],"method":[66],"using":[67],"kriging":[68,106],"to":[69,84,116],"calculate":[70,117],"in":[73,137],"real-time":[75],"on-line":[76],"fashion":[77],"presented.":[79],"Kriging":[80],"prediction":[81],"used":[83,115],"approximate":[85],"based":[92],"on":[93],"information":[94],"from":[95],"sampled":[96],"points.":[97],"With":[98],"speed":[100],"and":[101,135,149],"rotor":[102],"position":[103],"as":[104,110],"inputs,":[105],"predicts":[107],"output":[112],"that":[113],"three":[122],"phase":[123],"currents.":[124],"Using":[125],"novel":[127],"method,":[128],"be":[132],"accurately":[133],"calculated":[134],"implement":[136],"micro":[138],"units":[140],"even":[143],"when":[144],"facing":[145],"extremely":[146],"high/low":[147],"temperature":[148],"aging":[150],"conditions.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
