{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214535994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","title":"Intrusion Detection for Industrial Control Systems by Machine Learning using Privileged Information","display_name":"Intrusion Detection for Industrial Control Systems by Machine Learning using Privileged Information","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214535994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","mag":"3214535994"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/43284/1/Cyber_Anomaly_Detection_in_SWaT_Using_Auxiliary_Data_for_IEEE_ISI_2021_CameraReady_.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046087630","display_name":"Moojan Pordelkhaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moojan Pordelkhaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham City University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham City University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080135413","display_name":"Shereen Fouad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-7017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shereen Fouad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084580777","display_name":"Mark B. Josephs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-9608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12870472","display_name":"Birmingham City University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t67pt25","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Josephs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Birmingham City University, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Birmingham City University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046087630"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12870472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.48,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68132311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6993688941001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6955395936965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.5814671516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.572704553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5155856013298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5056140422821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4867398738861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.41457176208496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4137831926345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3923681974411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34907233715057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.27672451734542847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6993688941001892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6955395936965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.5814671516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.572704553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5155856013298035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5056140422821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4867398738861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.41457176208496094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4137831926345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3923681974411011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34907233715057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.27672451734542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi53945.2021.9624757","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:43284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/43284/1/Cyber_Anomaly_Detection_in_SWaT_Using_Auxiliary_Data_for_IEEE_ISI_2021_CameraReady_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:43284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/43284/1/Cyber_Anomaly_Detection_in_SWaT_Using_Auxiliary_Data_for_IEEE_ISI_2021_CameraReady_.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"NonPeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214535994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3214535994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W482614","https://openalex.org/W1530699444","https://openalex.org/W1977555035","https://openalex.org/W2056451850","https://openalex.org/W2067562626","https://openalex.org/W2069285803","https://openalex.org/W2079188124","https://openalex.org/W2111404412","https://openalex.org/W2113665069","https://openalex.org/W2118181058","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2136331731","https://openalex.org/W2167710876","https://openalex.org/W2400995703","https://openalex.org/W2464785945","https://openalex.org/W2537702951","https://openalex.org/W2755706313","https://openalex.org/W2766623491","https://openalex.org/W2768947629","https://openalex.org/W2774522941","https://openalex.org/W2806225417","https://openalex.org/W2884745705","https://openalex.org/W2897104255","https://openalex.org/W2963791691","https://openalex.org/W2969402780","https://openalex.org/W3005004133","https://openalex.org/W3022006982","https://openalex.org/W3037476361","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6600020324","https://openalex.org/W6667864987","https://openalex.org/W6719736774","https://openalex.org/W6745792373","https://openalex.org/W6779661082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2076723621","https://openalex.org/W3084463301","https://openalex.org/W2133389611","https://openalex.org/W2150641169","https://openalex.org/W3123953333","https://openalex.org/W2904439179","https://openalex.org/W4283702202"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162],"continuous":[1],"operation":[2],"of":[3,27,31,40,45,80,89,130,138,159,165],"an":[4,17,91,95],"industrial":[5,24,63],"process,":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"water":[9],"treatment":[10],"or":[11],"power":[12],"generation,":[13],"is":[14,75],"governed":[15],"by":[16,104],"Industrial":[18],"Control":[19],"System":[20,59],"(ICS).":[21],"Cyber-attacks":[22],"on":[23,183],"networks":[25],"are":[26],"growing":[28],"concern":[29],"because":[30],"the":[32,43,78,87,98,114,128,134,157],"disruption":[33],"they":[34],"can":[35],"cause,":[36],"leading":[37],"to":[38,47,61,77,123,146,155,174,177],"loss":[39],"revenue,":[41],"and":[42,50,109,125,136,172],"possibility":[44,88],"harm":[46],"workers,":[48],"plant":[49],"surroundings.":[51],"Operators":[52],"therefore":[53],"need":[54],"a":[55],"Network":[56],"Intrusion":[57],"Detection":[58],"(NIDS)":[60],"analyse":[62],"network":[64,81,106,184],"traffic":[65,107,185],"in":[66,153],"real":[67],"time":[68],"for":[69,94],"adversarial":[70],"behaviour.":[71],"Machine":[72],"Learning":[73],"(ML)":[74],"applicable":[76],"problem":[79],"intrusion":[82],"detection.":[83],"This":[84],"paper":[85],"investigates":[86],"training":[90],"ML-based":[92],"NIDS":[93],"ICS":[96],"(specifically,":[97],"well-known":[99],"Secure":[100],"Water":[101],"Treatment":[102],"testbed)":[103],"combining":[105],"data":[108,117,131,150,186],"physical":[110],"process":[111],"data.":[112],"In":[113],"supplied":[115],"dataset,":[116],"had":[118],"already":[119],"been":[120],"labelled":[121,149],"&#x201C;according":[122],"normal":[124],"abnormal":[126],"behaviours&#x201D;;":[127],"labelling":[129],"collected":[132],"around":[133],"start":[135],"end":[137],"each":[139],"attack":[140],"was":[141,170],"scrutinized":[142],"and,":[143],"where":[144],"found":[145,173],"be":[147,175],"problematic,":[148],"were":[151],"excluded":[152],"order":[154],"improve":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"supervised":[160],"learning.":[161],"ML":[163,180],"technique":[164],"&#x201C;Learning":[166],"using":[167],"Privileged":[168],"Information&#x201D;":[169],"evaluated":[171],"superior":[176],"six":[178],"baseline":[179],"algorithms":[181],"trained":[182],"alone.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
