{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2743678626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","title":"End-to-end encrypted traffic classification with one-dimensional convolution neural networks","display_name":"End-to-end encrypted traffic classification with one-dimensional convolution neural networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2743678626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","mag":"2743678626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391911","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2336-0135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101584127","display_name":"Ming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790108","display_name":"Jinlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-5835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109396","display_name":"Chinese National Academy of Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/02n006v45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090995962","display_name":"Xuewen Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9906-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109396","display_name":"Chinese National Academy of Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/02n006v45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuewen Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100944553","display_name":"Zhongzhen Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109396","display_name":"Chinese National Academy of Arts","ror":"https://ror.org/02n006v45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongzhen Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Network New Media Engineering Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210109396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.8727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":897,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99498186,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"43","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.7934023141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7846909761428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7629015445709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6508710980415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6177284121513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6042787432670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5646998882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5349458456039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5331603288650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.531694769859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5107243061065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4411345422267914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.42515861988067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4190674126148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2579362690448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.12911739945411682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.7934023141860962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846909761428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7629015445709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6508710980415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6177284121513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6042787432670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5646998882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5349458456039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5331603288650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.531694769859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5107243061065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4411345422267914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.42515861988067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4190674126148224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2579362690448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.12911739945411682}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2017.8004872","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1775434803","https://openalex.org/W1803485664","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1909479586","https://openalex.org/W1972355341","https://openalex.org/W2062227835","https://openalex.org/W2063804286","https://openalex.org/W2094245741","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2149600645","https://openalex.org/W2158899491","https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2295364269","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2399941526","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2613715541","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2962949934","https://openalex.org/W4245460974","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6683738474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W2613715541","https://openalex.org/W4301398392","https://openalex.org/W2997818875","https://openalex.org/W4379534844","https://openalex.org/W266939152","https://openalex.org/W2587627203","https://openalex.org/W3178296362","https://openalex.org/W2924962435","https://openalex.org/W3103293871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"classification":[1,36,47,100],"plays":[2],"an":[3,43,93],"important":[4],"and":[5,11,61,77,124],"basic":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,21],"network":[9,22],"management":[10],"cyberspace":[12],"security.":[13],"With":[14],"the":[15,33,81,88,97,107,116,120,125,134,138,143,146],"widespread":[16],"use":[17],"of":[18,83,115,129,133,145],"encryption":[19],"techniques":[20],"applications,":[23],"encrypted":[24,45,98],"traffic":[25,35,46,99,111,122],"has":[26],"recently":[27],"become":[28],"a":[29,64],"great":[30],"challenge":[31],"for":[32],"traditional":[34],"methods.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper":[40],"we":[41],"proposed":[42,147],"end-to-end":[44,66,94],"method":[48,55,95,103],"with":[49,106,119],"one-dimensional":[50],"convolution":[51],"neural":[52],"networks.":[53],"This":[54],"integrates":[56],"feature":[57,59],"extraction,":[58],"selection":[60],"classifier":[62],"into":[63],"unified":[65],"framework,":[67],"intending":[68],"to":[69,91,96],"automatically":[70],"learning":[71],"nonlinear":[72],"relationship":[73],"between":[74],"raw":[75],"input":[76],"expected":[78],"output.":[79],"To":[80],"best":[82,121],"our":[84],"knowledge,":[85],"it":[86],"is":[87,104],"first":[89],"time":[90],"apply":[92],"domain.":[101],"The":[102],"validated":[105],"public":[108],"ISCX":[109],"VPN-nonVPN":[110],"dataset.":[112],"Among":[113],"all":[114],"four":[117],"experiments,":[118],"representation":[123],"fine-tuned":[126],"model,":[127],"11":[128],"12":[130],"evaluation":[131],"metrics":[132],"experiment":[135],"results":[136],"outperform":[137],"state-of-the-art":[139],"method,":[140],"which":[141],"indicates":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"method.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":131},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":147},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":134},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}