{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2553088865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","title":"Using eye-tracking to investigate content skipping: A study on learning modules in cybersecurity","display_name":"Using eye-tracking to investigate content skipping: A study on learning modules in cybersecurity","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2553088865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","mag":"2553088865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015324289","display_name":"Sagar Raina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8539-1570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913696744","display_name":"Mount Saint Mary College","ror":"https://ror.org/05h3de220","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913696744"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sagar Raina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Mathematics and Information Technology, Mount Saint Mary College Newburgh, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Mathematics and Information Technology, Mount Saint Mary College Newburgh, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913696744"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056957383","display_name":"L\u00e9on Bernard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-215X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061738442","display_name":"Blair Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4708-5852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blair Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044713455","display_name":"Siddharth Kaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Kaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer & Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"261","last_page":"266"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12720","display_name":"Multimedia Communication and Technology","score":0.961899995803833,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9144999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7487891912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6026406288146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5057036876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4732249975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3606667220592499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.32808464765548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21873551607131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.060130536556243896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7487891912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6026406288146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5057036876678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4732249975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3606667220592499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.32808464765548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21873551607131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.060130536556243896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isi.2016.7745486","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W926058560","https://openalex.org/W1230308325","https://openalex.org/W1486757865","https://openalex.org/W1525186244","https://openalex.org/W1970098188","https://openalex.org/W1979866450","https://openalex.org/W2002233825","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2033659894","https://openalex.org/W2036025724","https://openalex.org/W2044074197","https://openalex.org/W2047873551","https://openalex.org/W2079186124","https://openalex.org/W2079282047","https://openalex.org/W2094268308","https://openalex.org/W2102804490","https://openalex.org/W2106843597","https://openalex.org/W2136120756","https://openalex.org/W2281549205","https://openalex.org/W2467972573","https://openalex.org/W4299353043","https://openalex.org/W6628272851","https://openalex.org/W6720194092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2023861399","https://openalex.org/W2730915376","https://openalex.org/W2626306547","https://openalex.org/W2021396365","https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W2119515433","https://openalex.org/W2807619505","https://openalex.org/W2009561238","https://openalex.org/W1340065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Students":[0],"skipping":[1,36,101,156],"content":[2,35,100,155],"is":[3],"common":[4],"in":[5,15,22,89,113,157],"learning":[6],"modules":[7,124,159],"that":[8],"present":[9],"a":[10,16,30,53,90,96,114],"large":[11],"amount":[12],"of":[13,42,85,93,109],"information":[14],"linear":[17,103,123,164],"format.":[18],"This":[19],"may":[20],"result":[21],"lower":[23],"student":[24],"engagement":[25],"and":[26,61,80,104,125,137,153],"learning.":[27],"We":[28],"proposed":[29],"theoretical":[31],"model":[32],"to":[33,55,98,162],"reduce":[34],"using":[37,59,76,146],"an":[38],"e-learning":[39],"design":[40],"principle":[41],"\u201csegmentation.\u201d":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"describe":[48],"the":[49,63,144,163],"segmentation":[50],"principle,":[51],"conduct":[52],"study":[54,66],"examine":[56],"its":[57],"effectiveness":[58],"eye-tracking":[60,69],"discuss":[62],"results.":[64],"The":[65,130],"uses":[67],"two":[68],"metrics":[70],"-":[71],"1)":[72],"reading":[73,77,82,135,138,151],"scores":[74,136],"(computed":[75],"detection":[78],"algorithm)":[79],"2)":[81],"depth":[83,139],"(number":[84],"words":[86],"looked":[87],"at":[88],"given":[91],"area":[92],"text),":[94],"as":[95,160],"measure":[97],"compare":[99],"between":[102],"segmented":[105,128,147,158],"modules.":[106,129,165],"A":[107],"total":[108],"19":[110],"students":[111,121,145],"participated":[112],"randomized":[115],"control-group":[116],"treatment-group":[117],"experimental":[118],"study.":[119],"Nine":[120],"completed":[122,127],"ten":[126],"results":[131],"indicate":[132],"significantly":[133],"higher":[134],"(p":[140],"<;":[141],".05)":[142],"for":[143],"modules,":[148],"implying":[149],"more":[150],"coverage":[152],"less":[154],"compared":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
