{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633","title":"PINN with Memory: A Novel Methodology for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries Under Dynamic Load Profile","display_name":"PINN with Memory: A Novel Methodology for State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-ion Batteries Under Dynamic Load Profile","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063686624","display_name":"Ali Yousaf Kharal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Yousaf Kharal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054055646","display_name":"Ijaz Haider Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ijaz Haider Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Electrical Engineering,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068236368","display_name":"Naveed Arshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-8959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207789805","display_name":"Lahore University of Management Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05b5x4a35","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Arshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Computer Science,Lahore,Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lahore University of Management Sciences,Department of Computer Science,Lahore,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207789805"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5227391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9556999802589417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","score":0.7564408779144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.667962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion","display_name":"Ion","score":0.5214149951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5001115798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49296092987060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4641839861869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge","display_name":"Charge (physics)","score":0.45767778158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17622920870780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.16829156875610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14864420890808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1474834382534027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12780332565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.09948593378067017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778541603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152763","display_name":"Lithium (medication)","level":2,"score":0.7564408779144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.667962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.5214149951934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5001115798950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49296092987060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4641839861869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188082385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73792","display_name":"Charge (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45767778158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17622920870780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.16829156875610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14864420890808105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1474834382534027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12780332565307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.09948593378067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408633","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39129164","https://openalex.org/W2060095104","https://openalex.org/W2125884948","https://openalex.org/W2164573606","https://openalex.org/W2559769392","https://openalex.org/W2594530559","https://openalex.org/W2737992136","https://openalex.org/W2766784949","https://openalex.org/W2772155817","https://openalex.org/W2776458183","https://openalex.org/W2780369086","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2922306207","https://openalex.org/W2941419825","https://openalex.org/W3203257659","https://openalex.org/W4200607818","https://openalex.org/W4210327135","https://openalex.org/W4289914049","https://openalex.org/W6743879482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2109457304","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W121572956","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2047941755","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2047086907","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W2089293339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Batteries":[0],"are":[1,20,122],"the":[2,30,48,54,60,81,85,89,119,140,154,163,177,206,216],"enabling":[3,62],"force":[4],"behind":[5],"electric":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(EVs),":[8],"which":[9],"require":[10],"energy":[11],"storage":[12],"for":[13,118],"operation":[14,25],"and":[15,23,36,53,66,109,132,149,205,212],"mobility.":[16],"The":[17,39,69,159,197],"battery":[18,40],"packs":[19],"complex":[21],"systems,":[22],"their":[24,137],"must":[26],"be":[27,96],"regulated":[28],"within":[29],"specified":[31],"limits":[32],"to":[33,136,152,174,184],"ensure":[34],"safety":[35],"reliable":[37],"operation.":[38],"management":[41],"system":[42],"(BMS)":[43],"of":[44,50,56,59,156,179,210],"EVs":[45],"continuously":[46],"estimates":[47],"state":[49,55],"charge":[51],"(SOC)":[52],"health":[57],"(SOH)":[58],"cells,":[61],"available":[63],"energy,":[64],"power,":[65],"range":[67],"calculations.":[68],"SOC":[70,83,92,155,178],"depends":[71],"on":[72],"various":[73],"factors,":[74],"but":[75],"one":[76],"critical":[77],"factor":[78],"that":[79],"influences":[80],"current":[82],"is":[84],"load":[86],"influenced":[87],"by":[88],"driving":[90],"conditions.":[91],"estimation":[93],"techniques":[94,113],"can":[95,114],"broadly":[97],"categorized":[98],"as":[99,130],"model-based":[100,150],"or":[101],"data-driven,":[102],"with":[103,167],"each":[104],"approach":[105],"offering":[106],"distinct":[107],"advantages":[108],"disadvantages.":[110],"While":[111],"data-driven":[112,148],"yield":[115],"accurate":[116],"estimations":[117],"data":[120],"they":[121,125],"trained":[123],"on,":[124],"often":[126],"encounter":[127],"challenges":[128],"such":[129],"overfitting":[131],"limited":[133],"generalizability":[134],"due":[135],"detachment":[138],"from":[139],"physical":[141],"model.":[142],"This":[143],"paper":[144],"developed":[145],"a":[146,157,170,180,185,201],"hybrid":[147],"technique":[151],"estimate":[153],"cell.":[158],"proposed":[160,198],"model":[161,166,199],"uses":[162],"equivalent":[164],"circuit":[165],"memory":[168],"in":[169],"physics-informed":[171],"neural":[172],"network":[173],"accurately":[175],"predict":[176],"cell":[181],"when":[182],"exposed":[183],"Worldwide":[186],"Harmonized":[187],"Light":[188],"Vehicles":[189],"Test":[190],"Procedure":[191],"(WLTP)":[192],"class":[193],"3":[194],"drive":[195],"profile.":[196],"achieves":[200],"mean":[202,207],"absolute":[203],"error":[204,209],"squared":[208],"0.7240%":[211],"0.0106%,":[213],"respectively,":[214],"outperforming":[215],"base":[217],"LSTM":[218],"models.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
