{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485","title":"Optimal Energy Management for Multi-Microgrid System Based on Stackelberg Game","display_name":"Optimal Energy Management for Multi-Microgrid System Based on Stackelberg Game","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046050799","display_name":"Yingrui Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2321-053X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingrui Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074583271","display_name":"Lin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6868-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055385237","display_name":"Ning Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-276X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101937394","display_name":"Hongtao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6554-4645"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019737409","display_name":"Zijin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4780-6668"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337689","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-8430"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd.,Power Distribution Center,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Distribution Center, State Grid Beijing Electric Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33284457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9172999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9172999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.9597364664077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9284952282905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5789406299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5736480951309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4961479604244232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4266318380832672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34551405906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.1374223530292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10635367035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10323905944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09930521249771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.0910094678401947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.9597364664077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9284952282905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5789406299591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5736480951309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4961479604244232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4266318380832672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34551405906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1374223530292511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10635367035865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10323905944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09930521249771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0910094678401947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10408485","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335967","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of State Grid","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964936916","https://openalex.org/W2006920596","https://openalex.org/W2079111314","https://openalex.org/W2204963357","https://openalex.org/W2750914541","https://openalex.org/W2783803039","https://openalex.org/W2786566749","https://openalex.org/W2808818018","https://openalex.org/W3021563191","https://openalex.org/W3157620715","https://openalex.org/W3211217191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2964937504","https://openalex.org/W2605497830","https://openalex.org/W3169439878","https://openalex.org/W2169268775","https://openalex.org/W3013373080","https://openalex.org/W2062756478","https://openalex.org/W2371966636","https://openalex.org/W2948291551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microgrid":[0],"(MG)":[1],"has":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,40,79,94,104],"a":[5,57,120,151],"promising":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8],"managing":[9],"distributed":[10],"energy":[11,101],"resources":[12],"and":[13,28,44,55,70,82,100,106,133,137,158],"improving":[14],"the":[15,24,36,47,64,68,73,80,84,88,108,138,156,161],"operating":[16],"performance":[17],"of":[18,26,160],"distribution":[19,74],"network":[20,75],"(DN).":[21],"To":[22,49],"harness":[23],"flexibility":[25],"MGs":[27,37],"induce":[29],"their":[30,97],"coordination":[31],"toward":[32],"an":[33],"economical":[34],"choice,":[35],"form":[38],"coalitions":[39,144],"multi-microgrid":[41,153],"system":[42,154],"(MMG)":[43],"interact":[45],"with":[46],"DN.":[48],"facilitate":[50],"effective":[51],"interaction":[52,65],"between":[53,67],"MMG":[54],"DN,":[56],"Stackelberg":[58,114],"game":[59,115,139],"is":[60,117],"introduced":[61],"to":[62],"model":[63,116],"process":[66],"DN":[69],"MMG,":[71],"where":[72],"operator":[76],"(DNO)":[77],"acts":[78],"leader":[81],"formulates":[83],"electricity":[85],"price,":[86],"while":[87],"microgrid":[89],"coalition":[90,98],"operators":[91],"(MCO),":[92],"acting":[93],"followers,":[95],"adjust":[96],"choices":[99],"trading":[102],"strategies":[103],"responses":[105],"affect":[107],"price":[109],"in":[110],"turn.":[111],"The":[112,147],"bilevel":[113],"reformulated":[118],"into":[119],"mixed":[121],"integer":[122],"linear":[123,134],"programming":[124],"problem":[125],"(MILP)":[126],"using":[127],"Karush-Kuhn-Tucker":[128],"(KKT)":[129],"conditions,":[130],"duality":[131],"theorem":[132],"relaxation":[135],"techniques,":[136],"equilibrium":[140],"results":[141,149],"under":[142],"different":[143],"are":[145],"analyzed.":[146],"simulation":[148],"on":[150],"typical":[152],"demonstrate":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"efficiency":[159],"proposed":[162],"model.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}