{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124","title":"Optimization and Scalability of Blockchain Enabled Demand Response Smart Contracts using Sharding and Neural Networks","display_name":"Optimization and Scalability of Blockchain Enabled Demand Response Smart Contracts using Sharding and Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027522850","display_name":"Ondrea Kanwhen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ondrea Kanwhen","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064052447","display_name":"Jatin Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4835-8998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jatin Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338755","display_name":"Ahmed Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8982-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125687163","display_name":"City College of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00wmhkr98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125687163"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"City University of New York,City College of New York,Department of Electrical Engineering,New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125687163","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I125687163"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34212891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.8093807697296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6445164084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidding","display_name":"Bidding","score":0.6393433809280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6186965107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5699732303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.5376473665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5200117230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.461040735244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.44812721014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4438106417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.44142067432403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3340510129928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.28778326511383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.20125076174736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.14150184392929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11139270663261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10159420967102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08503273129463196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.8093807697296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6445164084434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9233905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276328","display_name":"Bidding","level":2,"score":0.6393433809280396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6186965107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5699732303619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.5376473665237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5200117230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.461040735244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.44812721014022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4438106417655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.44142067432403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3340510129928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.28778326511383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.20125076174736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.14150184392929077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11139270663261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10159420967102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08503273129463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope56780.2023.10407124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT EUROPE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144746804","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2900804173","https://openalex.org/W2957728564","https://openalex.org/W2974304788","https://openalex.org/W3156653025","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4281485761","https://openalex.org/W4306369109","https://openalex.org/W4321192279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W2353074559"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Utilities":[0],"have":[1],"a":[2,74,101,137],"need":[3,99],"for":[4,65,100,168,182],"demand":[5,90,111,119],"reduction":[6,112],"in":[7,79,89,164,200],"response":[8,50,91,120],"to":[9,42,57,81,87,145,178,202,209,223],"energy":[10,24,45,67,85,95,149,170,184],"events":[11],"that":[12,219],"occur":[13],"throughout":[14],"the":[15,32,39,98,107,128,147,183,210,224],"year":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"extreme":[19],"weather":[20],"or":[21],"other":[22],"heavy":[23],"usage":[25],"periods.":[26],"In":[27],"addition,":[28],"utilities":[29,55],"must":[30],"mitigate":[31],"increased":[33,43],"variability":[34],"of":[35,110,213],"load":[36],"flow":[37],"on":[38,73,125,153,187],"grid":[40],"due":[41,208],"renewable":[44],"generation":[46],"being":[47],"added.":[48],"Demand":[49],"(DR)":[51],"is":[52,63,123,143,161,198],"one":[53],"solution":[54],"use":[56],"address":[58],"these":[59],"issues.":[60],"However,":[61],"DR":[62],"primarily":[64],"large":[66,211],"consumers.":[68],"As":[69],"such,":[70],"smart":[71,121],"contracts":[72],"permissioned":[75],"blockchain":[76,197],"are":[77],"proposed":[78],"order":[80,201],"enable":[82],"smaller":[83],"residential":[84],"customers":[86],"participate":[88],"mitigation":[92],"and":[93,176,216],"peer-to-peer":[94],"trading":[96,150,185],"without":[97],"trusted":[102],"third":[103],"party.":[104],"Thus,":[105],"increasing":[106],"available":[108],"pool":[109],"participants":[113],"with":[114],"minimal":[115],"additional":[116],"management.":[117],"A":[118],"contract":[122],"created":[124],"Ethereum":[126,131],"using":[127],"Remix":[129],"\u2013":[130],"IDE.":[132],"LSTM":[133],"(Long":[134],"Short-Term":[135],"Memory),":[136],"deep":[138],"learning":[139],"based":[140,152,186],"Neural":[141],"Network,":[142],"used":[144,163],"predict":[146],"future":[148],"prices":[151],"past":[154],"power":[155],"purchase":[156],"agreement":[157],"(PPA)":[158],"prices,":[159],"which":[160],"then":[162],"our":[165],"bidding":[166],"model":[167],"P2P":[169],"trading.":[171],"This":[172],"allows":[173],"both":[174],"prosumers":[175],"consumers":[177],"make":[179],"informed":[180],"decisions":[181],"potential":[188],"profit":[189],"from":[190],"revenue":[191],"generated":[192],"less":[193],"transaction":[194],"costs.":[195],"The":[196],"sharded":[199],"improve":[203],"scalability":[204],"especially":[205],"around":[206],"throughput":[207],"number":[212],"IoT":[214],"devices":[215],"associated":[217],"data":[218],"will":[220],"be":[221],"added":[222],"blockchain.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
