{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205519637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","title":"Local Effects of Grid-Forming Converters Providing Frequency Regulation to Bulk Power Grids","display_name":"Local Effects of Grid-Forming Converters Providing Frequency Regulation to Bulk Power Grids","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205519637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","mag":"3205519637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605822","display_name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/292905","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065625976","display_name":"Antonio Zecchino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-3943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Zecchino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","d&#x00E9","rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"d&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017726061","display_name":"Francesco Gerini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5512-8923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Gerini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","d&#x00E9","rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"d&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014690543","display_name":"Yihui Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-1013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihui Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","d&#x00E9"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"d&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073341137","display_name":"Rachid Cherkaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-1588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Cherkaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","d&#x00E9","rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"d&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050504092","display_name":"Mario Paolone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-9036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Paolone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","d&#x00E9"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Distributed Electrical Systems Laboratory (DESL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"rale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"d&#x00E9","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021900060","display_name":"Elena Vagnoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0444-1404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Vagnoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technology Platform for Hydraulic Machines, Ecole Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","derale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technology Platform for Hydraulic Machines, Ecole Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne, EPFL,Lausanne,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"derale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065625976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64134824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.794279932975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.716710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.589777946472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5768939852714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5399477481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.45204830169677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.41010066866874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3478087782859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3470118045806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.33073800802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23052909970283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18784326314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08179816603660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.056276530027389526}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.794279932975769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.716710090637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.589777946472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5768939852714539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5399477481842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.45204830169677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.41010066866874695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3478087782859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3470118045806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.33073800802230835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23052909970283508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18784326314926147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08179816603660583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.056276530027389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgtasia49270.2021.9715628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605822","display_name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:292905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/292905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:292905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/292905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553204923","https://openalex.org/W1994959046","https://openalex.org/W2089164431","https://openalex.org/W2089525884","https://openalex.org/W2097056315","https://openalex.org/W2116525489","https://openalex.org/W2207798671","https://openalex.org/W2261625295","https://openalex.org/W2466522000","https://openalex.org/W2592033599","https://openalex.org/W2888916820","https://openalex.org/W2892573594","https://openalex.org/W2912532396","https://openalex.org/W2962704317","https://openalex.org/W3048465714","https://openalex.org/W3049676583","https://openalex.org/W3095852123","https://openalex.org/W3164508237","https://openalex.org/W4231796025"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226403040","https://openalex.org/W4200443615","https://openalex.org/W4376457772","https://openalex.org/W2536471713","https://openalex.org/W2903214236","https://openalex.org/W2903648507","https://openalex.org/W2380428779","https://openalex.org/W4210705804","https://openalex.org/W4388282282","https://openalex.org/W2333668056"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"progressive":[1],"displacing":[2],"of":[3,8,17,24,74,91,102,115,131],"conventional":[4],"generation":[5],"in":[6,57],"favor":[7],"renewable":[9],"energy":[10],"sources":[11],"requires":[12],"restoring":[13],"an":[14],"adequate":[15],"capacity":[16,43],"regulating":[18],"power":[19,25,81],"to":[20,34,38,49,55,79,87,109,135],"ensure":[21],"reliable":[22],"operation":[23],"systems.":[26,82],"Battery":[27],"Energy":[28],"Storage":[29],"Systems":[30],"(BESSs)":[31],"are":[32,46,85,98],"considered":[33],"be":[35],"promising":[36],"assets":[37],"restore":[39],"suitable":[40],"frequency":[41,77],"regulation":[42,78],"levels.":[44],"BESSs":[45,75],"typically":[47],"connected":[48,108],"the":[50,67,70,89,110,116,128],"grid":[51,73,114],"with":[52],"power-converters,":[53],"able":[54],"operate":[56],"either":[58],"grid-forming":[59,92,132],"or":[60],"grid-following":[61,94,136],"modes.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"quantitatively":[65],"assesses":[66],"impact":[68],"on":[69,123],"local":[71],"distribution":[72,113],"providing":[76],"bulk":[80],"Specific":[83],"metrics":[84,126],"proposed":[86,125],"compare":[88],"performance":[90,130],"and":[93],"control.":[95],"Experimental":[96],"results":[97],"obtained":[99],"taking":[100],"advantage":[101],"a":[103],"720":[104],"kVA/500":[105],"kWh":[106],"BESS":[107],"20":[111],"kV":[112],"EPFL":[117],"campus.":[118],"quantitative":[120],"evaluation":[121],"based":[122],"suitably":[124],"confirms":[127],"superior":[129],"strategy,":[133],"compared":[134],"one.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}